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Glucose and metabolism

Research reporting glucose and metabolic outcomes.

Research topic: Glucose and metabolism

Counts beside ingredients cover this research topic. Outcome-group counts and study conditions are available in the details.

  • 5-HTP

    Representative outcomeHuman studies reported between-group improvement in Fat mass.

    Publications for this topic: 2Publications needing review: 1
    View Glucose and metabolic health research
    Representative outcome and study details

    Human studies reported between-group improvement in Fat mass.

    Single-ingredient studies · Human studies · Population not specified · between-group comparison

    1 publications linked to this result

    Study limits and review notes (1)
    • Route, form, dose, or population details are incomplete, so the findings cannot be confirmed as directly comparable.

  • Alpha-Lipoic Acid

    Representative outcomeStudies with an unspecified organism reported a change with no confirmed comparison group in glucose and ascorbate handling.

    Publications for this topic: 6Publications needing review: 5
    View Glucose and metabolic health research
    Representative outcome and study details

    Studies with an unspecified organism reported a change with no confirmed comparison group in glucose and ascorbate handling.

    Single-ingredient studies · Population not specified · comparator not confirmed

    1 publications linked to this result

    Study limits and review notes (1)
    • Route, form, dose, or population details are incomplete, so the findings cannot be confirmed as directly comparable.

  • Ashwagandha

    Representative outcomeHuman studies reported an association with blood glucose.

    Some findings concern patients or people with a deficiency.

    Publications for this topic: 6Publications needing review: 4
    View Glucose and metabolic health research
    Representative outcome and study details

    Human studies reported an association with blood glucose.

    Single-ingredient studies · Human studies · Includes patient groups · comparator not confirmed

    1 publications linked to this result

    Study limits and review notes (1)
    • Route, form, dose, or population details are incomplete, so the findings cannot be confirmed as directly comparable.

  • Beetroot Extract

    Representative outcomeHuman studies reported a within-group change in insulin.

    Publications for this topic: 1
    View Glucose and metabolic health research
    Representative outcome and study details

    Human studies reported a within-group change in insulin.

    Single-ingredient studies · Human studies · within-group comparison

    1 publications linked to this result

    Study limits and review notes (1)
    • Route, form, dose, or population details are incomplete, so the findings cannot be confirmed as directly comparable.

  • Berberine

    Some measured outcomes improved in human comparison studies. Read these findings with their populations and conditions.

    Findings from a combination study cannot be attributed to this ingredient alone.

    Some findings concern patients or people with a deficiency.

    Partial research summary

    Publications for this topic: 29Publications needing review: 23
    View Glucose and metabolic health research
    Representative outcome and study details

    Partial research summary

    Human studies reported between-group improvement in FPG.

    These conditions come from related studies and may not describe a single paper.

    single- and combination-ingredient studies · Individual ingredient effects cannot be separated · Human studies · Includes patient groups · between-group comparison

    2 publications linked to this result (1 awaiting review included)

    Study limits and review notes (4)
    • Study conditions differ; results are shown descriptively and are not pooled.
    • Combination, formula, or class studies do not isolate this ingredient or establish synergy.
    • Some publications have not cleared source or interpretation review.
    • Some papers could not be reviewed, so this summary covers only findings that could be confirmed.

  • Beta-Alanine

    Representative outcomeStudies with an unspecified organism reported between-group improvement in Fasting Blood Glucose.

    Publications for this topic: 1
    View Glucose and metabolic health research
    Representative outcome and study details

    Studies with an unspecified organism reported between-group improvement in Fasting Blood Glucose.

    Scope not specified · Population not specified · between-group comparison

    1 publications linked to this result

    Study limits and review notes (1)
    • Route, form, dose, or population details are incomplete, so the findings cannot be confirmed as directly comparable.

  • Betaine

    Representative outcomeHuman studies reported between-group improvement in Body fat percentage.

    Some findings concern patients or people with a deficiency.

    Publications for this topic: 5Publications needing review: 1
    View Glucose and metabolic health research
    Representative outcome and study details

    Human studies reported between-group improvement in Body fat percentage.

    Single-ingredient studies · Human studies · Population not specified · between-group comparison

    1 publications linked to this result

    Study limits and review notes (1)
    • Route, form, dose, or population details are incomplete, so the findings cannot be confirmed as directly comparable.

  • Biotin

    Representative outcomeAnimal studies reported improvement in hypoglycemic effect of the nanocomplexes.

    Animal and cell findings do not establish the same effect in people.

    Findings from a combination study cannot be attributed to this ingredient alone.

    Some findings concern patients or people with a deficiency.

    Publications for this topic: 3Publications needing review: 2
    View Glucose and metabolic health research
    Representative outcome and study details

    Animal studies reported improvement in hypoglycemic effect of the nanocomplexes.

    combination-ingredient studies · Individual ingredient effects cannot be separated · Animal studies; human applicability unconfirmed · Includes patient groups · comparator not confirmed

    1 publications linked to this result

    Study limits and review notes (3)
    • Route, form, dose, or population details are incomplete, so the findings cannot be confirmed as directly comparable.
    • Combination, formula, or class studies do not isolate this ingredient or establish synergy.
    • Animal and cell findings are indirect evidence.

  • Caffeine

    The comparison is unconfirmed, so the findings cannot establish this ingredient’s effect.

    Publications for this topic: 1
    View Glucose and metabolic health research
    Representative outcome and study details

    Studies with an unspecified organism reported a change with no confirmed comparison group in BMI.

    Single-ingredient studies · comparator not confirmed

    1 publications linked to this result

    Study limits and review notes (1)
    • Route, form, dose, or population details are incomplete, so the findings cannot be confirmed as directly comparable.

  • Calcium

    Representative outcomeStudies with an unspecified organism reported a change with no confirmed comparison group in fat mass.

    Publications for this topic: 7Publications needing review: 3
    View Glucose and metabolic health research
    Representative outcome and study details

    Studies with an unspecified organism reported a change with no confirmed comparison group in fat mass.

    Single-ingredient studies · Population not specified · comparator not confirmed

    1 publications linked to this result

    Study limits and review notes (1)
    • Route, form, dose, or population details are incomplete, so the findings cannot be confirmed as directly comparable.

  • Chromium

    Representative outcomeHuman studies reported both between-group improvement and no clear between-group difference for Body weight; while Studies with an unspecified organism reported a change with no confirmed comparison group in Body weight.

    Findings from a combination study cannot be attributed to this ingredient alone.

    Some findings concern patients or people with a deficiency.

    Partial research summary

    Publications for this topic: 45Publications needing review: 26
    View Glucose and metabolic health research
    Representative outcome and study details

    Partial research summary

    Human studies reported both between-group improvement and no clear between-group difference for Body weight; while Studies with an unspecified organism reported a change with no confirmed comparison group in Body weight.

    These conditions come from related studies and may not describe a single paper.

    Single-ingredient studies · Human studies · Includes patient groups · Population not specified · between-group comparison · comparator not confirmed

    5 publications linked to this result (1 awaiting review included)

    Study limits and review notes (3)
    • Study conditions differ; results are shown descriptively and are not pooled.
    • Some publications have not cleared source or interpretation review.
    • Some papers could not be reviewed, so this summary covers only findings that could be confirmed.

  • Coenzyme Q10

    Representative outcomeHuman studies reported between-group improvement in Fasting blood sugar.

    Some findings concern patients or people with a deficiency.

    Publications for this topic: 3Publications needing review: 2
    View Glucose and metabolic health research
    Representative outcome and study details

    Human studies reported between-group improvement in Fasting blood sugar.

    Single-ingredient studies · Human studies · Includes patient groups · between-group comparison

    1 publications linked to this result

    Study limits and review notes (1)
    • Route, form, dose, or population details are incomplete, so the findings cannot be confirmed as directly comparable.

  • Creatine

    Representative outcomeStudies with an unspecified organism reported a change with no confirmed comparison group in fasting blood glucose.

    Some findings concern patients or people with a deficiency.

    Publications for this topic: 1
    View Glucose and metabolic health research
    Representative outcome and study details

    Studies with an unspecified organism reported a change with no confirmed comparison group in fasting blood glucose.

    Single-ingredient studies · Includes patient groups · comparator not confirmed

    1 publications linked to this result

    Study limits and review notes (1)
    • Route, form, dose, or population details are incomplete, so the findings cannot be confirmed as directly comparable.

  • D-Ribose

    Representative outcomeHuman studies reported between-group improvement in %fat.

    The confirmed comparison studies tested several ingredients together. They cannot isolate the effect of this ingredient.

    Publications for this topic: 3Publications needing review: 2
    View Glucose and metabolic health research
    Representative outcome and study details

    Human studies reported between-group improvement in %fat.

    combination-ingredient studies · Individual ingredient effects cannot be separated · Human studies · between-group comparison

    1 publications linked to this result

    Study limits and review notes (2)
    • Route, form, dose, or population details are incomplete, so the findings cannot be confirmed as directly comparable.
    • Combination, formula, or class studies do not isolate this ingredient or establish synergy.

  • EAA

    Some measured outcomes improved in human comparison studies. Read these findings with their populations and conditions.

    The confirmed comparison studies tested several ingredients together. They cannot isolate the effect of this ingredient.

    Publications for this topic: 3Publications needing review: 1
    View Glucose and metabolic health research
    Representative outcome and study details

    Human studies reported between-group improvement in IHCL.

    combination-ingredient studies · Individual ingredient effects cannot be separated · Human studies · between-group comparison

    1 publications linked to this result

    Study limits and review notes (2)
    • Route, form, dose, or population details are incomplete, so the findings cannot be confirmed as directly comparable.
    • Combination, formula, or class studies do not isolate this ingredient or establish synergy.

  • Fiber

    Representative outcomeStudies with an unspecified organism reported between-group improvement in HbA1c.

    Findings from a combination study cannot be attributed to this ingredient alone.

    Some findings concern patients or people with a deficiency.

    Partial research summary

    Publications for this topic: 23Publications needing review: 16
    View Glucose and metabolic health research
    Representative outcome and study details

    Partial research summary

    Studies with an unspecified organism reported between-group improvement in HbA1c.

    These conditions come from related studies and may not describe a single paper.

    Scope not specified · Human studies · Includes patient groups · between-group comparison · comparator not confirmed

    3 publications linked to this result (2 awaiting review included)

    Study limits and review notes (3)
    • Study conditions differ; results are shown descriptively and are not pooled.
    • Some publications have not cleared source or interpretation review.
    • Some papers could not be reviewed, so this summary covers only findings that could be confirmed.

  • Folate

    Representative outcomeStudies with an unspecified organism reported a change with no confirmed comparison group in MetS.

    Some findings concern patients or people with a deficiency.

    Publications for this topic: 4Publications needing review: 2
    View Glucose and metabolic health research
    Representative outcome and study details

    Studies with an unspecified organism reported a change with no confirmed comparison group in MetS.

    Scope not specified · Population not specified · comparator not confirmed

    1 publications linked to this result

    Study limits and review notes (1)
    • Route, form, dose, or population details are incomplete, so the findings cannot be confirmed as directly comparable.

  • GABA

    Representative outcomeHuman studies reported no clear between-group difference in postprandial glucose response.

    Some findings concern patients or people with a deficiency.

    Publications for this topic: 7Publications needing review: 6
    View Glucose and metabolic health research
    Representative outcome and study details

    Human studies reported no clear between-group difference in postprandial glucose response.

    Single-ingredient studies · Human studies · Includes patient groups · between-group comparison

    1 publications linked to this result

    Study limits and review notes (1)
    • Route, form, dose, or population details are incomplete, so the findings cannot be confirmed as directly comparable.

  • Ginkgo

    Representative outcomeHuman studies reported between-group improvement in HbA1c.

    The confirmed comparison studies tested several ingredients together. They cannot isolate the effect of this ingredient.

    Some findings concern patients or people with a deficiency.

    Partial research summary

    Publications for this topic: 4Publications needing review: 3
    View Glucose and metabolic health research
    Representative outcome and study details

    Partial research summary

    Human studies reported between-group improvement in HbA1c.

    These conditions come from related studies and may not describe a single paper.

    single- and combination-ingredient studies · Individual ingredient effects cannot be separated · Human studies · Includes patient groups · between-group comparison · within-group comparison

    2 publications linked to this result (1 awaiting review included)

    Study limits and review notes (4)
    • Study conditions differ; results are shown descriptively and are not pooled.
    • Combination, formula, or class studies do not isolate this ingredient or establish synergy.
    • Some publications have not cleared source or interpretation review.
    • Some papers could not be reviewed, so this summary covers only findings that could be confirmed.

  • Ginseng

    Representative outcomeHuman studies reported no clear between-group difference in Insulin sensitivity.

    Some findings concern patients or people with a deficiency.

    Partial research summary

    Publications for this topic: 9Publications needing review: 7
    View Glucose and metabolic health research
    Representative outcome and study details

    Partial research summary

    Human studies reported no clear between-group difference in Insulin sensitivity.

    These conditions come from related studies and may not describe a single paper.

    Single-ingredient studies · Animal studies; indirect evidence · Includes human studies · Includes patient groups · between-group comparison

    2 publications linked to this result (1 awaiting review included)

    Study limits and review notes (4)
    • Study conditions differ; results are shown descriptively and are not pooled.
    • Animal and cell findings are indirect evidence.
    • Some publications have not cleared source or interpretation review.
    • Some papers could not be reviewed, so this summary covers only findings that could be confirmed.

  • Glycine

    Representative outcomeStudies with an unspecified organism reported a change with no confirmed comparison group in diabetes.

    Some findings concern patients or people with a deficiency.

    Publications for this topic: 6Publications needing review: 4
    View Glucose and metabolic health research
    Representative outcome and study details

    Studies with an unspecified organism reported a change with no confirmed comparison group in diabetes.

    Single-ingredient studies · Includes patient groups · comparator not confirmed

    1 publications linked to this result

    Study limits and review notes (1)
    • Route, form, dose, or population details are incomplete, so the findings cannot be confirmed as directly comparable.

  • HMB

    Some measured outcomes improved in human comparison studies. Read these findings with their populations and conditions.

    The confirmed comparison studies tested several ingredients together. They cannot isolate the effect of this ingredient.

    Publications for this topic: 4Publications needing review: 3
    View Glucose and metabolic health research
    Representative outcome and study details

    Human studies reported between-group improvement in AFM.

    combination-ingredient studies · Individual ingredient effects cannot be separated · Human studies · between-group comparison

    1 publications linked to this result

    Study limits and review notes (2)
    • Route, form, dose, or population details are incomplete, so the findings cannot be confirmed as directly comparable.
    • Combination, formula, or class studies do not isolate this ingredient or establish synergy.

  • Inositol

    Representative outcomeHuman studies reported between-group improvement in Incidence of GDM; while Studies with an unspecified organism reported between-group improvement in Incidence of GDM.

    Animal and cell findings do not establish the same effect in people.

    Findings from a combination study cannot be attributed to this ingredient alone.

    Some findings concern patients or people with a deficiency.

    Publications for this topic: 30Publications needing review: 20
    View Glucose and metabolic health research
    Representative outcome and study details

    Human studies reported between-group improvement in Incidence of GDM; while Studies with an unspecified organism reported between-group improvement in Incidence of GDM.

    These conditions come from related studies and may not describe a single paper.

    Single-ingredient studies · Human studies · Includes patient groups · between-group comparison

    3 publications linked to this result

    Study limits and review notes (1)
    • Study conditions differ; results are shown descriptively and are not pooled.

  • Inulin

    Representative outcomeStudies with an unspecified organism reported between-group improvement in Blood glucose.

    Findings from a combination study cannot be attributed to this ingredient alone.

    Some findings concern patients or people with a deficiency.

    Partial research summary

    Publications for this topic: 15Publications needing review: 9
    View Glucose and metabolic health research
    Representative outcome and study details

    Partial research summary

    Studies with an unspecified organism reported between-group improvement in Blood glucose.

    These conditions come from related studies and may not describe a single paper.

    Single-ingredient studies · Scope not specified · Human studies · Includes patient groups · between-group comparison · within-group comparison

    2 publications linked to this result (1 awaiting review included)

    Study limits and review notes (3)
    • Study conditions differ; results are shown descriptively and are not pooled.
    • Some publications have not cleared source or interpretation review.
    • Some papers could not be reviewed, so this summary covers only findings that could be confirmed.

  • Iodine

    Representative outcomeHuman studies reported an association with type 2 diabetes.

    Publications for this topic: 3Publications needing review: 2
    View Glucose and metabolic health research
    Representative outcome and study details

    Human studies reported an association with type 2 diabetes.

    Scope not specified · Human studies · between-group comparison

    1 publications linked to this result

    Study limits and review notes (1)
    • Route, form, dose, or population details are incomplete, so the findings cannot be confirmed as directly comparable.

  • Iron

    Representative outcomeStudies with an unspecified organism reported a change with no confirmed comparison group in childhood Type 1 diabetes.

    Publications for this topic: 1
    View Glucose and metabolic health research
    Representative outcome and study details

    Studies with an unspecified organism reported a change with no confirmed comparison group in childhood Type 1 diabetes.

    Scope not specified · comparator not confirmed

    1 publications linked to this result

    Study limits and review notes (1)
    • Route, form, dose, or population details are incomplete, so the findings cannot be confirmed as directly comparable.

  • L-Carnitine

    Some measured outcomes improved in human comparison studies. Read these findings with their populations and conditions.

    Some findings concern patients or people with a deficiency.

    Publications for this topic: 7Publications needing review: 4
    View Glucose and metabolic health research
    Representative outcome and study details

    Studies with an unspecified organism reported a change with no confirmed comparison group in FBG.

    Single-ingredient studies · comparator not confirmed

    1 publications linked to this result

    Study limits and review notes (1)
    • Route, form, dose, or population details are incomplete, so the findings cannot be confirmed as directly comparable.

  • Magnesium

    Representative outcomeHuman studies reported both between-group improvement and an association for HBA1c; while Studies with an unspecified organism reported a change with no confirmed comparison group in HBA1c.

    Some findings concern patients or people with a deficiency.

    Publications for this topic: 9Publications needing review: 2
    View Glucose and metabolic health research
    Representative outcome and study details

    Human studies reported both between-group improvement and an association for HBA1c; while Studies with an unspecified organism reported a change with no confirmed comparison group in HBA1c.

    These conditions come from related studies and may not describe a single paper.

    Single-ingredient studies · Human studies · Includes patient groups and deficiency groups · between-group comparison · comparator not confirmed

    3 publications linked to this result

    Study limits and review notes (1)
    • Study conditions differ; results are shown descriptively and are not pooled.

  • Manganese

    Representative outcomeHuman studies reported both an association and a change with no confirmed comparison group for Risk of type 2 diabetes.

    Some findings concern patients or people with a deficiency.

    Publications for this topic: 3
    View Glucose and metabolic health research
    Representative outcome and study details

    Human studies reported both an association and a change with no confirmed comparison group for Risk of type 2 diabetes.

    These conditions come from related studies and may not describe a single paper.

    Single-ingredient studies · Human studies · Includes patient groups · Population not specified · between-group comparison · comparator not confirmed

    2 publications linked to this result

    Study limits and review notes (1)
    • Study conditions differ; results are shown descriptively and are not pooled.

  • Melatonin

    Representative outcomeStudies with an unspecified organism reported both between-group improvement and a change with no confirmed comparison group for fasting blood glucose.

    Some findings concern patients or people with a deficiency.

    Publications for this topic: 8Publications needing review: 3
    View Glucose and metabolic health research
    Representative outcome and study details

    Studies with an unspecified organism reported both between-group improvement and a change with no confirmed comparison group for fasting blood glucose.

    These conditions come from related studies and may not describe a single paper.

    Single-ingredient studies · Includes patient groups · between-group comparison · comparator not confirmed

    2 publications linked to this result

    Study limits and review notes (1)
    • Study conditions differ; results are shown descriptively and are not pooled.

  • NAC

    Representative outcomeStudies with an unspecified organism reported between-group improvement in Body weight.

    Some findings concern patients or people with a deficiency.

    Publications for this topic: 2Publications needing review: 1
    View Glucose and metabolic health research
    Representative outcome and study details

    Studies with an unspecified organism reported between-group improvement in Body weight.

    Single-ingredient studies · Includes patient groups · between-group comparison

    1 publications linked to this result

    Study limits and review notes (1)
    • Route, form, dose, or population details are incomplete, so the findings cannot be confirmed as directly comparable.

  • Niacin

    Representative outcomeHuman studies reported both between-group worsening and a change with no confirmed comparison group for new-onset diabetes; while Studies with an unspecified organism reported a change with no confirmed comparison group in new-onset diabetes.

    The confirmed comparison studies tested several ingredients together. They cannot isolate the effect of this ingredient.

    Some findings concern patients or people with a deficiency.

    Publications for this topic: 5Publications needing review: 1
    View Glucose and metabolic health research
    Representative outcome and study details

    Human studies reported both between-group worsening and a change with no confirmed comparison group for new-onset diabetes; while Studies with an unspecified organism reported a change with no confirmed comparison group in new-onset diabetes.

    These conditions come from related studies and may not describe a single paper.

    single- and combination-ingredient studies · Individual ingredient effects cannot be separated · Human studies · Includes patient groups · between-group comparison · comparator not confirmed

    3 publications linked to this result

    Study limits and review notes (2)
    • Study conditions differ; results are shown descriptively and are not pooled.
    • Combination, formula, or class studies do not isolate this ingredient or establish synergy.

  • Potassium

    Representative outcomeStudies with an unspecified organism reported a change with no confirmed comparison group in diabetes risk.

    Publications for this topic: 3Publications needing review: 1
    View Glucose and metabolic health research
    Representative outcome and study details

    Studies with an unspecified organism reported a change with no confirmed comparison group in diabetes risk.

    Single-ingredient studies · Population not specified · comparator not confirmed

    1 publications linked to this result

    Study limits and review notes (1)
    • Route, form, dose, or population details are incomplete, so the findings cannot be confirmed as directly comparable.

  • Prebiotics

    Representative outcomeHuman studies reported a change with no confirmed comparison group in fasting glucose.

    Findings from a combination study cannot be attributed to this ingredient alone.

    Some findings concern patients or people with a deficiency.

    Publications for this topic: 9Publications needing review: 5
    View Glucose and metabolic health research
    Representative outcome and study details

    Human studies reported a change with no confirmed comparison group in fasting glucose.

    Human studies · comparator not confirmed

    1 publications linked to this result

    Study limits and review notes (1)
    • Route, form, dose, or population details are incomplete, so the findings cannot be confirmed as directly comparable.

  • Probiotics

    Representative outcomeHuman studies reported no clear between-group difference in Body weight.

    Findings from a combination study cannot be attributed to this ingredient alone.

    Some findings concern patients or people with a deficiency.

    Partial research summary

    Publications for this topic: 9Publications needing review: 3
    View Glucose and metabolic health research
    Representative outcome and study details

    Partial research summary

    Human studies reported no clear between-group difference in Body weight.

    These conditions come from related studies and may not describe a single paper.

    combination-ingredient studies · Individual ingredient effects cannot be separated · Human studies · Includes patient groups · between-group comparison · comparator not confirmed

    2 publications linked to this result (1 awaiting review included)

    Study limits and review notes (4)
    • Study conditions differ; results are shown descriptively and are not pooled.
    • Combination, formula, or class studies do not isolate this ingredient or establish synergy.
    • Some publications have not cleared source or interpretation review.
    • Some papers could not be reviewed, so this summary covers only findings that could be confirmed.

  • Psyllium

    Representative outcomeHuman studies reported between-group improvement in Body weight; while Studies with an unspecified organism reported a change with no confirmed comparison group in Body weight.

    Animal and cell findings do not establish the same effect in people.

    Findings from a combination study cannot be attributed to this ingredient alone.

    Some findings concern patients or people with a deficiency.

    Publications for this topic: 17Publications needing review: 3
    View Glucose and metabolic health research
    Representative outcome and study details

    Human studies reported between-group improvement in Body weight; while Studies with an unspecified organism reported a change with no confirmed comparison group in Body weight.

    These conditions come from related studies and may not describe a single paper.

    single- and combination-ingredient studies · Individual ingredient effects cannot be separated · Human studies · Includes patient groups · between-group comparison · comparator not confirmed

    3 publications linked to this result

    Study limits and review notes (2)
    • Study conditions differ; results are shown descriptively and are not pooled.
    • Combination, formula, or class studies do not isolate this ingredient or establish synergy.

  • Quercetin

    Representative outcomeStudies with an unspecified organism reported a change with no confirmed comparison group in Insulin resistance.

    Some findings concern patients or people with a deficiency.

    Partial research summary

    Publications for this topic: 6Publications needing review: 3
    View Glucose and metabolic health research
    Representative outcome and study details

    Partial research summary

    Studies with an unspecified organism reported a change with no confirmed comparison group in Insulin resistance.

    These conditions come from related studies and may not describe a single paper.

    single- and combination-ingredient studies · Individual ingredient effects cannot be separated · Includes patient groups · Population not specified · comparator not confirmed

    2 publications linked to this result (1 awaiting review included)

    Study limits and review notes (4)
    • Study conditions differ; results are shown descriptively and are not pooled.
    • Combination, formula, or class studies do not isolate this ingredient or establish synergy.
    • Some publications have not cleared source or interpretation review.
    • Some papers could not be reviewed, so this summary covers only findings that could be confirmed.

  • Saffron

    Representative outcomeHuman studies reported between-group improvement in Fasting plasma glucose; while Studies with an unspecified organism reported a change with no confirmed comparison group in Fasting plasma glucose.

    Some findings concern patients or people with a deficiency.

    Publications for this topic: 7Publications needing review: 4
    View Glucose and metabolic health research
    Representative outcome and study details

    Human studies reported between-group improvement in Fasting plasma glucose; while Studies with an unspecified organism reported a change with no confirmed comparison group in Fasting plasma glucose.

    These conditions come from related studies and may not describe a single paper.

    Single-ingredient studies · Scope not specified · Human studies · Includes patient groups · between-group comparison · comparator not confirmed

    2 publications linked to this result

    Study limits and review notes (1)
    • Study conditions differ; results are shown descriptively and are not pooled.

  • Selenium

    Representative outcomeHuman studies reported between-group improvement in Fasting Glucose.

    Some findings concern patients or people with a deficiency.

    Publications for this topic: 8Publications needing review: 3
    View Glucose and metabolic health research
    Representative outcome and study details

    Human studies reported between-group improvement in Fasting Glucose.

    Single-ingredient studies · Human studies · Includes patient groups · between-group comparison

    1 publications linked to this result

    Study limits and review notes (1)
    • Route, form, dose, or population details are incomplete, so the findings cannot be confirmed as directly comparable.

  • Sodium Bicarbonate

    Representative outcomeStudies with an unspecified organism reported a change with no confirmed comparison group in Metabolic alkalosis.

    Partial research summary

    Publications for this topic: 2Publications needing review: 1
    View Glucose and metabolic health research
    Representative outcome and study details

    Partial research summary

    Studies with an unspecified organism reported a change with no confirmed comparison group in Metabolic alkalosis.

    These conditions come from related studies and may not describe a single paper.

    Single-ingredient studies · Population not specified · comparator not confirmed

    2 publications linked to this result (1 awaiting review included)

    Study limits and review notes (3)
    • Study conditions differ; results are shown descriptively and are not pooled.
    • Some publications have not cleared source or interpretation review.
    • Some papers could not be reviewed, so this summary covers only findings that could be confirmed.

  • Taurine

    Representative outcomeHuman studies reported between-group improvement in Fasting blood sugar.

    Some findings concern patients or people with a deficiency.

    Publications for this topic: 8Publications needing review: 3
    View Glucose and metabolic health research
    Representative outcome and study details

    Human studies reported between-group improvement in Fasting blood sugar.

    Single-ingredient studies · Human studies · Includes patient groups · between-group comparison

    1 publications linked to this result

    Study limits and review notes (1)
    • Route, form, dose, or population details are incomplete, so the findings cannot be confirmed as directly comparable.

  • Thiamine

    Representative outcomeStudies with an unspecified organism reported a change with no confirmed comparison group in diabetes.

    Findings from a combination study cannot be attributed to this ingredient alone.

    Some findings concern patients or people with a deficiency.

    Publications for this topic: 6Publications needing review: 3
    View Glucose and metabolic health research
    Representative outcome and study details

    Studies with an unspecified organism reported a change with no confirmed comparison group in diabetes.

    Single-ingredient studies · Includes deficiency groups · comparator not confirmed

    1 publications linked to this result

    Study limits and review notes (1)
    • Route, form, dose, or population details are incomplete, so the findings cannot be confirmed as directly comparable.

  • Vitamin B6

    Representative outcomeHuman studies reported an association with diabetes incidence.

    Publications for this topic: 3Publications needing review: 1
    View Glucose and metabolic health research
    Representative outcome and study details

    Human studies reported an association with diabetes incidence.

    Scope not specified · Human studies · comparator not confirmed

    1 publications linked to this result

    Study limits and review notes (1)
    • Route, form, dose, or population details are incomplete, so the findings cannot be confirmed as directly comparable.

  • Vitamin B12

    Representative outcomeHuman studies reported between-group improvement in HbA1c.

    Some findings concern patients or people with a deficiency.

    Publications for this topic: 2
    View Glucose and metabolic health research
    Representative outcome and study details

    Human studies reported between-group improvement in HbA1c.

    Single-ingredient studies · Human studies · Includes patient groups · between-group comparison

    1 publications linked to this result

    Study limits and review notes (1)
    • Route, form, dose, or population details are incomplete, so the findings cannot be confirmed as directly comparable.

  • Vitamin C

    Representative outcomeStudies with an unspecified organism reported a change with no confirmed comparison group in HbA1c.

    Some findings concern patients or people with a deficiency.

    Partial research summary

    Publications for this topic: 7Publications needing review: 2
    View Glucose and metabolic health research
    Representative outcome and study details

    Partial research summary

    Studies with an unspecified organism reported a change with no confirmed comparison group in HbA1c.

    These conditions come from related studies and may not describe a single paper.

    Single-ingredient studies · Human studies · Includes patient groups · between-group comparison · comparator not confirmed

    2 publications linked to this result (1 awaiting review included)

    Study limits and review notes (3)
    • Study conditions differ; results are shown descriptively and are not pooled.
    • Some publications have not cleared source or interpretation review.
    • Some papers could not be reviewed, so this summary covers only findings that could be confirmed.

  • Vitamin D

    Some measured outcomes improved in human comparison studies. Read these findings with their populations and conditions.

    Some findings concern patients or people with a deficiency.

    Publications for this topic: 6Publications needing review: 4
    View Glucose and metabolic health research
    Representative outcome and study details

    Studies with an unspecified organism reported a change with no confirmed comparison group in HOMA-IR.

    Single-ingredient studies · Includes patient groups · comparator not confirmed

    1 publications linked to this result

    Study limits and review notes (1)
    • Route, form, dose, or population details are incomplete, so the findings cannot be confirmed as directly comparable.

  • Vitamin E

    Human comparison studies did not find a clear difference in some measured outcomes.

    Some findings concern patients or people with a deficiency.

    Publications for this topic: 3
    View Glucose and metabolic health research
    Representative outcome and study details

    Studies with an unspecified organism reported a change with no confirmed comparison group in BMI.

    Single-ingredient studies · comparator not confirmed

    1 publications linked to this result

    Study limits and review notes (1)
    • Route, form, dose, or population details are incomplete, so the findings cannot be confirmed as directly comparable.

  • Vitamin K

    Representative outcomeStudies with an unspecified organism reported a change with no confirmed comparison group in insulin sensitivity.

    Publications for this topic: 4Publications needing review: 3
    View Glucose and metabolic health research
    Representative outcome and study details

    Studies with an unspecified organism reported a change with no confirmed comparison group in insulin sensitivity.

    Scope not specified · Population not specified · comparator not confirmed

    1 publications linked to this result

    Study limits and review notes (1)
    • Route, form, dose, or population details are incomplete, so the findings cannot be confirmed as directly comparable.

  • Whey Protein

    Representative outcomeHuman studies reported a change with no confirmed comparison group in Body Weight; while Studies with an unspecified organism reported between-group improvement in Body Weight.

    Partial research summary

    Publications for this topic: 9Publications needing review: 5
    View Glucose and metabolic health research
    Representative outcome and study details

    Partial research summary

    Human studies reported a change with no confirmed comparison group in Body Weight; while Studies with an unspecified organism reported between-group improvement in Body Weight.

    These conditions come from related studies and may not describe a single paper.

    Single-ingredient studies · Animal studies; indirect evidence · Includes human studies · Includes patient groups · Population not specified · between-group comparison · comparator not confirmed

    3 publications linked to this result (1 awaiting review included)

    Study limits and review notes (4)
    • Study conditions differ; results are shown descriptively and are not pooled.
    • Animal and cell findings are indirect evidence.
    • Some publications have not cleared source or interpretation review.
    • Some papers could not be reviewed, so this summary covers only findings that could be confirmed.

  • Zinc

    Representative outcomeHuman studies reported between-group improvement in Body weight; while Studies with an unspecified organism reported a change with no confirmed comparison group in Body weight.

    Findings from a combination study cannot be attributed to this ingredient alone.

    Some findings concern patients or people with a deficiency.

    Publications for this topic: 12Publications needing review: 6
    View Glucose and metabolic health research
    Representative outcome and study details

    Human studies reported between-group improvement in Body weight; while Studies with an unspecified organism reported a change with no confirmed comparison group in Body weight.

    These conditions come from related studies and may not describe a single paper.

    Single-ingredient studies · Human studies · Includes patient groups · Population not specified · between-group comparison · comparator not confirmed

    2 publications linked to this result

    Study limits and review notes (1)
    • Study conditions differ; results are shown descriptively and are not pooled.
Other research records (11)

The counts above cover the selected topic only. This section also includes other topics, research without a confirmed comparison, animal or cell studies, and findings whose interpretation is held.

  • Chondroitin

    Some findings are held for review

    Representative outcome and study details

    Some findings are held for review

    Some papers have not cleared source or result review, so their findings are not summarized yet.

    No confirmed result is available to summarize with study conditions.

    A distinct publication count is not available.

    Study limits and review notes (1)
    • Those papers are not summarized until review is complete.
    View Glucose and metabolic health research

  • Citrulline

    Some findings are held for review

    Representative outcome and study details

    Some findings are held for review

    Some papers have not cleared source or result review, so their findings are not summarized yet.

    No confirmed result is available to summarize with study conditions.

    1 publications linked to this result (1 awaiting review included)

    Study limits and review notes (1)
    • Those papers are not summarized until review is complete.
    View Glucose and metabolic health research

  • Copper

    Some findings are held for review

    Representative outcome and study details

    Some findings are held for review

    Some papers have not cleared source or result review, so their findings are not summarized yet.

    No confirmed result is available to summarize with study conditions.

    A distinct publication count is not available.

    Study limits and review notes (1)
    • Those papers are not summarized until review is complete.
    View Glucose and metabolic health research

  • Glucosamine

    Some findings are held for review

    Representative outcome and study details

    Some findings are held for review

    Some papers have not cleared source or result review, so their findings are not summarized yet.

    No confirmed result is available to summarize with study conditions.

    1 publications linked to this result (1 awaiting review included)

    Study limits and review notes (1)
    • Those papers are not summarized until review is complete.
    View Glucose and metabolic health research

  • Hyaluronic Acid

    Some findings are held for review

    Representative outcome and study details

    Some findings are held for review

    Some papers have not cleared source or result review, so their findings are not summarized yet.

    No confirmed result is available to summarize with study conditions.

    A distinct publication count is not available.

    Study limits and review notes (1)
    • Those papers are not summarized until review is complete.
    View Glucose and metabolic health research

  • L-Theanine

    Some findings are held for review

    Representative outcome and study details

    Some findings are held for review

    Some papers have not cleared source or result review, so their findings are not summarized yet.

    No confirmed result is available to summarize with study conditions.

    1 publications linked to this result (1 awaiting review included)

    Study limits and review notes (1)
    • Those papers are not summarized until review is complete.
    View Glucose and metabolic health research

  • Lemon Balm

    Some findings are held for review

    Representative outcome and study details

    Some findings are held for review

    Some papers have not cleared source or result review, so their findings are not summarized yet.

    No confirmed result is available to summarize with study conditions.

    1 publications linked to this result (1 awaiting review included)

    Study limits and review notes (1)
    • Those papers are not summarized until review is complete.
    View Glucose and metabolic health research

  • Omega-3

    Some findings are held for review

    Representative outcome and study details

    Some findings are held for review

    Some papers have not cleared source or result review, so their findings are not summarized yet.

    No confirmed result is available to summarize with study conditions.

    A distinct publication count is not available.

    Study limits and review notes (1)
    • Those papers are not summarized until review is complete.
    View Glucose and metabolic health research

  • Rhodiola

    Some findings are held for review

    Representative outcome and study details

    Some findings are held for review

    Some papers have not cleared source or result review, so their findings are not summarized yet.

    No confirmed result is available to summarize with study conditions.

    1 publications linked to this result (1 awaiting review included)

    Study limits and review notes (1)
    • Those papers are not summarized until review is complete.
    View Glucose and metabolic health research

  • Valerian

    Some findings are held for review

    Representative outcome and study details

    Some findings are held for review

    Some papers have not cleared source or result review, so their findings are not summarized yet.

    No confirmed result is available to summarize with study conditions.

    A distinct publication count is not available.

    Study limits and review notes (1)
    • Those papers are not summarized until review is complete.
    View Glucose and metabolic health research

  • Vitamin A

    Some findings are held for review

    Representative outcome and study details

    Some findings are held for review

    Some papers have not cleared source or result review, so their findings are not summarized yet.

    No confirmed result is available to summarize with study conditions.

    1 publications linked to this result (1 awaiting review included)

    Study limits and review notes (1)
    • Those papers are not summarized until review is complete.
    View Glucose and metabolic health research
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