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Caffeine

Selected research topic

Glucose and metabolic health

The comparison is unconfirmed, so the findings cannot establish this ingredient’s effect.

Publications for this topic
1
Human comparison publications
0
Publications needing review
0

Findings in the studies

  • BMI

    Research with unclear study subject or type
    • A change was reported, but the comparison could not be confirmed.
      Single ingredient
      Measurement and study conditions
      Study type
      Meta-analysis
      Study population
      Recorded population category: General population. Whether the research involved humans needs confirmation.
      Ingredients tested
      Single ingredient
      How results were compared
      Study comparison: pooled caffeine-intake dose-response regression across 13 RCTs; comparator identity for this coeffic
      Additional measurement information
      Primary outcome
      Measurement time
      Not confirmed.

  • fat mass

    Research with unclear study subject or type
    • A change was reported, but the comparison could not be confirmed.
      Single ingredient
      Measurement and study conditions
      Study type
      Meta-analysis
      Study population
      Recorded population category: General population. Whether the research involved humans needs confirmation.
      Ingredients tested
      Single ingredient
      How results were compared
      Study comparison: pooled caffeine-intake dose-response regression across 13 RCTs; comparator identity for this coeffic
      Additional measurement information
      Primary outcome
      Measurement time
      Not confirmed.

  • weight

    Research with unclear study subject or type
    • A change was reported, but the comparison could not be confirmed.
      Single ingredient
      Measurement and study conditions
      Study type
      Meta-analysis
      Study population
      Recorded population category: General population. Whether the research involved humans needs confirmation.
      Ingredients tested
      Single ingredient
      How results were compared
      Study comparison: pooled caffeine-intake dose-response regression across 13 RCTs; comparator identity for this coeffic
      Additional measurement information
      Primary outcome
      Measurement time
      Not confirmed.
Representative outcome and study details

Studies with an unspecified organism reported a change with no confirmed comparison group in BMI.

Single-ingredient studies · comparator not confirmed

1 publications linked to this result

  • Route, form, dose, or population details are incomplete, so the findings cannot be confirmed as directly comparable.
Data coverage and detailed study classifications

Paper counts are separated by research topic below. One paper may contribute to multiple findings.

Analysis status: Public-ready

Ingredient analysis date:

How the grade was determined: B

The 64.2 evidence score includes 23 independent human studies and 23 clinical studies in the representative benefit area. The B tier reflects evidence directness, repetition, and consistency together.

The grade is based mainly on the research area with the most evidence. It does not mean the same result was found in other areas.

Papers linked to this ingredient overall: 67

Papers linked to this topic 1 · distinct papers 1 · comparison findings need further review · papers needing additional review 0

A publication may appear in more than one count. These numbers should not be added. Ingredient-wide papers, topic-linked papers, and sources in outcome groups use different scopes. Adding source counts may count the same paper more than once.

  • BMI: Sources represented in this measurement group: 1 · Distinct papers with human comparisons for this outcome: 0
  • fat mass: Sources represented in this measurement group: 1 · Distinct papers with human comparisons for this outcome: 0
  • weight: Sources represented in this measurement group: 1 · Distinct papers with human comparisons for this outcome: 0

What the research found

BMI

A change was reported, but the comparison could not be confirmed.

Meta-analysis · Single ingredient · General population

Analysis coverage and paper counts

1 paper · 1 measured outcome

Review overlap with primary papers is unknown; counts stay separate.

Direction counts are distinct papers within each row. Outcome contributions count endpoint results, so one paper may contribute more than once.

fat mass

A change was reported, but the comparison could not be confirmed.

Meta-analysis · Single ingredient · General population

Analysis coverage and paper counts

1 paper · 1 measured outcome

Review overlap with primary papers is unknown; counts stay separate.

Direction counts are distinct papers within each row. Outcome contributions count endpoint results, so one paper may contribute more than once.

weight

A change was reported, but the comparison could not be confirmed.

Meta-analysis · Single ingredient · General population

Analysis coverage and paper counts

1 paper · 1 measured outcome

Review overlap with primary papers is unknown; counts stay separate.

Direction counts are distinct papers within each row. Outcome contributions count endpoint results, so one paper may contribute more than once.

How to read research findings

How should I read research findings?

Research guides

Side effects and combination findings

Findings from this ingredient alone are shown separately from those involving another supplement or medication.

No reviewed caution rules are available yet. Reported caution findings are shown below.

Review 3 combination findings and 0 findings that outperformed an ingredient alone.

Findings to review with care

Side effects reported for the ingredient alone are separated from findings involving another supplement or medication.

Side effects reported with this ingredient alone

Symptoms or adverse events reported in studies without another active ingredient.

QRS tachycardia1 papers
A 32‑year‑old woman experienced severe caffeine toxicity after ingesting 5000 mg, leading to presyncope, QRS tachycardia, metabolic acidosis, and hypokalemia, requiring ED treatment.Human studies · Observational study

Reported improvements with combinations

Combination findings are grouped by how the study compared them. This is not a recommendation to combine ingredients.

Combinations with reported improvement

The combination showed improvement, but each ingredient's contribution is unclear.

비트루트 추출물In a randomized crossover trial of 20 healthy males, the combination of caffeine and beetroot juice significantly improved 1,000-m running performance compared to placebo (p < 0.01).
L-테아닌L-theanine combined with caffeine significantly reduced caffeine-induced tachycardia (17% vs 92%) and state anxiety compared to caffeine alone.
로디올라A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 48 male volleyball players found that combined Rhodiola rosea and caffeine supplementation significantly improved jump height, reduced power decline during high-frequency jumps, and lowered perceived exertion compared to placebo and single-agent groups.