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Vitamin C

Selected research topic

Glucose and metabolic health

Some measured outcomes improved in human comparison studies. Read these findings with their populations and conditions.

Some findings concern patients or people with a deficiency.

Publications for this topic
7
Human comparison publications
1
Publications needing review
2

Findings in the studies

  • fasting blood sugar (FBS)

    Publications linked to this measurement: 1

    • A better result than the comparison group was reported.

      What the comparison group used was not confirmed.

      Patient group · Separable contribution
      Measurement and study conditions
      Study type
      Randomized controlled trial: subjects were randomly assigned to groups for comparison.
      Study population
      Human participants · Patient group
      Ingredients tested
      Separable contribution
      How results were compared
      Results were compared between groups.
      Measurement time
      Not confirmed.

  • FBG

    Publications linked to this measurement: 1

    Other human research, including observational studies and reviews
    • A result was reported, but the comparison could not be confirmed.
      Patient group · Single ingredient · Eight weeks
      Measurement and study conditions
      Study type
      Randomized controlled trial: subjects were randomly assigned to groups for comparison.
      Study population
      Human participants · Patient group
      Ingredients tested
      Single ingredient
      How results were compared
      Study comparison: Vitamin C 500 mg twice daily versus control in an open-label parallel trial
      Additional measurement information
      Secondary outcome
      Measurement time
      Eight weeks

  • FBS

    Publications linked to this measurement: 1

    Other human research, including observational studies and reviews
    • A change was reported before and after use. Its cause cannot be isolated.
      Patient group · Separable contribution · 12 weeks
      Measurement and study conditions
      Study type
      Randomized controlled trial: subjects were randomly assigned to groups for comparison.
      Study population
      Human participants · Patient group
      Ingredients tested
      Separable contribution
      How results were compared
      Changes within the same group were compared. · Study comparison: within-vitamin-C-group improvement; between-group comparison not stated for glycemic outcomes
      Additional measurement information
      Primary outcome
      Measurement time
      12 weeks

  • HbA1c

    Publications linked to this measurement: 2 (results in 1 need further review)

    Review of existing studies · population needs confirmation
    • A result was reported, but the comparison could not be confirmed.
      Single ingredient · predominantly under six months
      Measurement and study conditions
      Study type
      Meta-analysis
      Study population
      Recorded population category: Patient group. Whether the research involved humans needs confirmation.
      Ingredients tested
      Single ingredient
      How results were compared
      Study comparison: oral vitamin C versus control across included randomized trials
      Additional measurement information
      Primary outcome
      Measurement time
      predominantly under six months
Other measured outcomes (1)

  • hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)

    Publications linked to this measurement: 1

    Review of existing studies · population needs confirmation
    • The study reported improvement in this measurement.

      What the comparison group used was not confirmed.

      Single ingredient
      Measurement and study conditions
      Study type
      Meta-analysis
      Study population
      Recorded population category: Patient group. Whether the research involved humans needs confirmation.
      Ingredients tested
      Single ingredient
      How results were compared
      Results were compared between groups.
      Measurement time
      Not confirmed.

This result is held for interpretation. That does not mean research found no effect.

Outcome groups needing additional review (1)
  • MetS · Distinct papers needing additional review: 1Direction unclear: 1

One paper can appear under multiple measured outcomes or review reasons, so these counts should not be added together.

Representative outcome and study details

Partial research summary

Studies with an unspecified organism reported a result with no confirmed comparison group in HbA1c.

These conditions come from related studies and may not describe a single paper.

Single-ingredient studies · Human studies · Includes patient groups · between-group comparison · comparator not confirmed

2 publications linked to this result (1 awaiting review included)

  • Study conditions differ; results are shown descriptively and are not pooled.
  • Some publications have not cleared source or interpretation review.
  • Some papers could not be reviewed, so this summary covers only findings that could be confirmed.
Data coverage and detailed study classifications

Paper counts are separated by research topic below. One paper may contribute to multiple findings.

Analysis status: Public-ready

Ingredient analysis date:

How the grade was determined: C

The 50.0 evidence score includes 1 independent human studies and 1 clinical studies in the representative benefit area. The C tier remains conservative because of limited repetition across independent human clinical studies, too few clinical findings with an explicit effect direction.

The grade is based mainly on the research area with the most evidence. It does not mean the same result was found in other areas.

Papers linked to this ingredient overall: 106

Papers linked to this topic 7 · distinct papers 7 · papers with a confirmed human comparison 1 · papers needing additional review 2

A publication may appear in more than one count. These numbers should not be added. Ingredient-wide papers, topic-linked papers, and sources in outcome groups use different scopes. Adding source counts may count the same paper more than once.

  • fasting blood sugar (FBS): Sources represented in this measurement group: 1 · Distinct papers with human comparisons for this outcome: 1
  • FBG: Sources represented in this measurement group: 1 · Distinct papers with human comparisons for this outcome: 0
  • FBS: Sources represented in this measurement group: 1 · Distinct papers with human comparisons for this outcome: 0
  • HbA1c: Sources represented in this measurement group: 2 · Distinct papers with human comparisons for this outcome: 0
  • hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c): Sources represented in this measurement group: 1 · Distinct papers with human comparisons for this outcome: 0
  • MetS: Sources represented in this measurement group: 1 · Distinct papers with human comparisons for this outcome: 0

What the research found

fasting blood sugar (FBS)

The study reported improvement in this measurement.

Controlled study in people · Separable contribution · Patient group

Between-group comparison

Analysis coverage and paper counts

1 paper · 1 measured outcome

Direction counts are distinct papers within each row. Outcome contributions count endpoint results, so one paper may contribute more than once.

FBS

A change was reported before and after use. Its cause cannot be isolated.

Controlled study in people · Separable contribution · Patient group

Within-group comparison

Analysis coverage and paper counts

1 paper · 1 measured outcome

Direction counts are distinct papers within each row. Outcome contributions count endpoint results, so one paper may contribute more than once.

hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)

The study reported improvement in this measurement.

Meta-analysis · Single ingredient · Patient group

Between-group comparison

Analysis coverage and paper counts

1 paper · 1 measured outcome

Review overlap with primary papers is unknown; counts stay separate.

Direction counts are distinct papers within each row. Outcome contributions count endpoint results, so one paper may contribute more than once.

FBG

A result was reported, but the comparison could not be confirmed.

Controlled study in people · Single ingredient · Patient group

Analysis coverage and paper counts

1 paper · 1 measured outcome

Direction counts are distinct papers within each row. Outcome contributions count endpoint results, so one paper may contribute more than once.

HbA1c

A result was reported, but the comparison could not be confirmed.

Meta-analysis · Single ingredient · Patient group

Analysis coverage and paper counts

1 paper · 1 measured outcome

Review overlap with primary papers is unknown; counts stay separate.

Direction counts are distinct papers within each row. Outcome contributions count endpoint results, so one paper may contribute more than once.

HbA1c

The study needs further checking before its result can be interpreted.

Controlled study in people · Single ingredient · Patient group

Between-group comparison

Analysis coverage and paper counts

1 paper · 1 measured outcome

1 papers held from direction counts

Direction counts are distinct papers within each row. Outcome contributions count endpoint results, so one paper may contribute more than once.

MetS

The study needs further checking before its result can be interpreted.

Meta-analysis · Single ingredient · General population

The comparison could not be confirmed.

Analysis coverage and paper counts

1 paper · 1 measured outcome

1 papers held from direction counts

Review overlap with primary papers is unknown; counts stay separate.

Direction counts are distinct papers within each row. Outcome contributions count endpoint results, so one paper may contribute more than once.

MetS

The study needs further checking before its result can be interpreted.

Meta-analysis · Single ingredient · General population

The comparison could not be confirmed.

Analysis coverage and paper counts

1 paper · 1 measured outcome

1 papers held from direction counts

Review overlap with primary papers is unknown; counts stay separate.

Direction counts are distinct papers within each row. Outcome contributions count endpoint results, so one paper may contribute more than once.

How to read research findings

How should I read research findings?

Research guides

Side effects and combination findings

Findings from this ingredient alone are shown separately from those involving another supplement or medication.

No combination cautions are available to show in the current data. This does not guarantee safety.

Review 1 combination findings and 0 findings that outperformed an ingredient alone.

Reported improvements with combinations

Combination findings are grouped by how the study compared them. This is not a recommendation to combine ingredients.

Combinations with reported improvement

The combination showed improvement, but each ingredient's contribution is unclear.

비타민 EIn a triple-blind RCT of 60 women with endometriosis, daily supplementation with 1000 mg Vitamin C and 800 IU Vitamin E for 8 weeks significantly reduced pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, and dyspareunia (p < 0.001) compared to placebo.