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Prebiotics

Selected research topic

Glucose and metabolic health

Confirmed comparison evidence for this topic is limited. The findings below retain their study conditions.

Findings from a combination study cannot be attributed to this ingredient alone.

Some publications still need interpretation checks and are kept separate from the findings below.

Publications for this topic
9
Human comparison publications
0
Publications needing review
5

Findings in the studies

  • fasting glucose

    Publications linked to this measurement: 1

    Other human research, including observational studies and reviews
    • A result was reported, but the comparison could not be confirmed.
      General population · Separable contribution · 14 days
      Measurement and study conditions
      Study type
      Randomized controlled trial: subjects were randomly assigned to groups for comparison.
      Study population
      Human participants · General population
      Ingredients tested
      Separable contribution
      How results were compared
      Study comparison: GOS intervention; comparator details and glucose values not reported in abstract
      Additional measurement information
      Primary outcome
      Measurement time
      14 days

  • OGTT

    Publications linked to this measurement: 1

    Other human research, including observational studies and reviews
    • A result was reported, but the comparison could not be confirmed.
      General population · Separable contribution · 14 days
      Measurement and study conditions
      Study type
      Randomized controlled trial: subjects were randomly assigned to groups for comparison.
      Study population
      Human participants · General population
      Ingredients tested
      Separable contribution
      How results were compared
      Study comparison: FOS intervention; comparator details and glucose values not reported in abstract
      Additional measurement information
      Primary outcome
      Measurement time
      14 days

  • fasting plasma glucose

    Publications linked to this measurement: 1

    Review of existing studies · population needs confirmation
    • The study reported improvement in this measurement.

      Several ingredients were tested together, so this ingredient’s individual effect is unknown.

      Combination study
      Measurement and study conditions
      Study type
      Meta-analysis
      Study population
      Recorded population category: Patient group. Whether the research involved humans needs confirmation.
      Ingredients tested
      Ingredient combination
      How results were compared
      Results were compared between groups. · Study comparison: Combined pro/pre/synbiotics versus placebo or control groups
      Additional measurement information
      Biomarker
      Measurement time
      Varied across included clinical trials

  • glycemia

    Publications linked to this measurement: 1

    Review of existing studies · population needs confirmation
    • Results for this measurement were mixed; no consistent conclusion can be drawn.
      Measurement and study conditions
      Study type
      Systematic review
      Study population
      Recorded population category: Patient group. Whether the research involved humans needs confirmation.
      Ingredients tested
      Unknown intervention
      How results were compared
      Results were compared between groups. · Study comparison: Multiple prebiotic or prebiotic-like interventions versus placebo; review-level publication counts,
      Additional measurement information
      Biomarker
      Measurement time
      4 days to 12 weeks across included studies
Other measured outcomes (1)

  • Insulin signaling

    Publications linked to this measurement: 1

    Review of existing studies · population needs confirmation
    • A result was reported, but the comparison could not be confirmed.

      Several ingredients were tested together, so this ingredient’s individual effect is unknown.

      Combination study
      Measurement and study conditions
      Study type
      Review
      Study population
      Study subject not identified
      Ingredients tested
      Ingredient combination
      Measurement time
      Not confirmed.

This result is held for interpretation. That does not mean research found no effect.

Outcome groups needing additional review (2)
  • body weight · Distinct papers needing additional review: 1Evidence criteria check: 1
  • Weight gain · Distinct papers needing additional review: 1Evidence criteria check: 1

One paper can appear under multiple measured outcomes or review reasons, so these counts should not be added together.

Representative outcome and study details

Human studies reported a result with no confirmed comparison group in fasting glucose.

Human studies · comparator not confirmed

1 publications linked to this result

  • Route, form, dose, or population details are incomplete, so the findings cannot be confirmed as directly comparable.
Data coverage and detailed study classifications

Paper counts are separated by research topic below. One paper may contribute to multiple findings.

Analysis status: Public-ready

Ingredient analysis date:

How the grade was determined: C

The 48.3 evidence score includes 0 independent human studies and 0 clinical studies in the representative benefit area. The C tier remains conservative because of limited repetition across independent human clinical studies, too few clinical findings with an explicit effect direction.

The grade is based mainly on the research area with the most evidence. It does not mean the same result was found in other areas.

Papers linked to this ingredient overall: 118

Papers linked to this topic 9 · distinct papers 9 · comparison findings need further review · papers needing additional review 5

A publication may appear in more than one count. These numbers should not be added. Ingredient-wide papers, topic-linked papers, and sources in outcome groups use different scopes. Adding source counts may count the same paper more than once.

  • body weight: Sources represented in this measurement group: 1 · Distinct papers with human comparisons for this outcome: 0
  • fasting glucose: Sources represented in this measurement group: 1 · Distinct papers with human comparisons for this outcome: 0
  • fasting plasma glucose: Sources represented in this measurement group: 1 · Distinct papers with human comparisons for this outcome: 0
  • glycemia: Sources represented in this measurement group: 1 · Distinct papers with human comparisons for this outcome: 0
  • Insulin signaling: Sources represented in this measurement group: 1 · Distinct papers with human comparisons for this outcome: 0
  • OGTT: Sources represented in this measurement group: 1 · Distinct papers with human comparisons for this outcome: 0
  • Weight gain: Sources represented in this measurement group: 1 · Distinct papers with human comparisons for this outcome: 0

What the research found

fasting plasma glucose

The study reported improvement in this measurement.

Meta-analysis · Ingredient combination · Patient group

Several ingredients were used together. This does not establish the effect of this ingredient alone or synergy.

Between-group comparison

Analysis coverage and paper counts

1 paper · 1 measured outcome

Review overlap with primary papers is unknown; counts stay separate.

Direction counts are distinct papers within each row. Outcome contributions count endpoint results, so one paper may contribute more than once.

glycemia

Results for this measurement were mixed; no consistent conclusion can be drawn.

Review · Unknown intervention · Patient group

Between-group comparison

Analysis coverage and paper counts

1 paper · 1 measured outcome

Review overlap with primary papers is unknown; counts stay separate.

Direction counts are distinct papers within each row. Outcome contributions count endpoint results, so one paper may contribute more than once.

fasting glucose

A result was reported, but the comparison could not be confirmed.

Controlled study in people · Separable contribution · General population

Analysis coverage and paper counts

1 paper · 1 measured outcome

Direction counts are distinct papers within each row. Outcome contributions count endpoint results, so one paper may contribute more than once.

Insulin signaling

A result was reported, but the comparison could not be confirmed.

Review · Ingredient combination · Unspecified population

Several ingredients were used together. This does not establish the effect of this ingredient alone or synergy.

Analysis coverage and paper counts

1 paper · 1 measured outcome

Review overlap with primary papers is unknown; counts stay separate.

Direction counts are distinct papers within each row. Outcome contributions count endpoint results, so one paper may contribute more than once.

OGTT

A result was reported, but the comparison could not be confirmed.

Controlled study in people · Separable contribution · General population

Analysis coverage and paper counts

1 paper · 1 measured outcome

Direction counts are distinct papers within each row. Outcome contributions count endpoint results, so one paper may contribute more than once.

body weight

The study needs further checking before its result can be interpreted.

Animal study · indirect · Unknown intervention · Unspecified population

This finding comes from animal or cell research. It does not establish the same effect in people.

The comparison could not be confirmed.

Analysis coverage and paper counts

1 paper · 1 measured outcome

1 papers held from direction counts

Direction counts are distinct papers within each row. Outcome contributions count endpoint results, so one paper may contribute more than once.

Unspecified measured outcome

The study needs further checking before its result can be interpreted.

Controlled study in people · Unknown intervention · Unspecified population

Between-group comparison

Analysis coverage and paper counts

1 paper · 1 measured outcome

1 papers held from direction counts

Direction counts are distinct papers within each row. Outcome contributions count endpoint results, so one paper may contribute more than once.

Unspecified measured outcome

The study needs further checking before its result can be interpreted.

Meta-analysis · Unknown intervention · Unspecified population

The comparison could not be confirmed.

Analysis coverage and paper counts

1 paper · 1 measured outcome

Review overlap with primary papers is unknown; counts stay separate.

Direction counts are distinct papers within each row. Outcome contributions count endpoint results, so one paper may contribute more than once.

Unspecified measured outcome

The study needs further checking before its result can be interpreted.

Review · Unknown intervention · Patient group

The comparison could not be confirmed.

Analysis coverage and paper counts

1 paper · 1 measured outcome

1 papers held from direction counts

Review overlap with primary papers is unknown; counts stay separate.

Direction counts are distinct papers within each row. Outcome contributions count endpoint results, so one paper may contribute more than once.

Weight gain

The study needs further checking before its result can be interpreted.

Animal study · indirect · Unknown intervention · Unspecified population

This finding comes from animal or cell research. It does not establish the same effect in people.

Between-group comparison

Analysis coverage and paper counts

1 paper · 1 measured outcome

1 papers held from direction counts

Direction counts are distinct papers within each row. Outcome contributions count endpoint results, so one paper may contribute more than once.

How to read research findings

How should I read research findings?

Research guides

Side effects and combination findings

Findings from this ingredient alone are shown separately from those involving another supplement or medication.

No combination cautions are available to show in the current data. This does not guarantee safety.

Side effects and combination studies

No side-effect or combination findings are available to show from the collected papers. This does not establish safety.