Improvement after a supplement is not the same as a comparative result
Start with the comparison. A before-and-after change alone cannot isolate the contribution of an ingredient.
Melatonin
Selected research topic
Blood lipids
The comparison is unconfirmed, so the findings cannot establish this ingredient’s effect.
Some publications still need interpretation checks and are kept separate from the findings below.
- Publications for this topic
- 3
- Human comparison publications
- 0
- Publications needing review
- 2
Findings in the studies
HDL-C
Research with unclear study subject or type
- A change was reported, but the comparison could not be confirmed.Single ingredient · varies across trials
Measurement and study conditions
- Study type
- Meta-analysis
- Study population
- Study subject not identified
- Ingredients tested
- Single ingredient
- How results were compared
- Study comparison: pooled results from eight RCTs; the abstract does not identify the trial comparator for each pooled
- Additional measurement information
- Secondary outcome
- Measurement time
- varies across trials
LDL cholesterol
Research with unclear study subject or type
- A change was reported, but the comparison could not be confirmed.Single ingredient · varies across trials
Measurement and study conditions
- Study type
- Meta-analysis
- Study population
- Study subject not identified
- Ingredients tested
- Single ingredient
- How results were compared
- Study comparison: pooled results from eight RCTs; the abstract does not identify the trial comparator for each pooled
- Additional measurement information
- Secondary outcome
- Measurement time
- varies across trials
total cholesterol levels
Research with unclear study subject or type
- A change was reported, but the comparison could not be confirmed.Single ingredient · varies across trials
Measurement and study conditions
- Study type
- Meta-analysis
- Study population
- Study subject not identified
- Ingredients tested
- Single ingredient
- How results were compared
- Study comparison: pooled results from eight RCTs; the abstract does not identify the trial comparator for each pooled
- Additional measurement information
- Secondary outcome
- Measurement time
- varies across trials
triglycerides
Research with unclear study subject or type
- A change was reported, but the comparison could not be confirmed.Single ingredient · varies across trials
Measurement and study conditions
- Study type
- Meta-analysis
- Study population
- Study subject not identified
- Ingredients tested
- Single ingredient
- How results were compared
- Study comparison: pooled results from eight RCTs; the abstract does not identify the trial comparator for each pooled
- Additional measurement information
- Secondary outcome
- Measurement time
- varies across trials
Representative outcome and study details
Studies with an unspecified organism reported a change with no confirmed comparison group in HDL-C.
Single-ingredient studies · Population not specified · comparator not confirmed
1 publications linked to this result
- Route, form, dose, or population details are incomplete, so the findings cannot be confirmed as directly comparable.
Data coverage and detailed study classifications
Paper counts are separated by research topic below. One paper may contribute to multiple findings.
Analysis status: Public-ready
Ingredient analysis date:
How the grade was determined: B
The 51.0 evidence score includes 1 independent human studies and 1 clinical studies in the representative benefit area. The B tier remains conservative because of limited repetition across independent human clinical studies, too few clinical findings with an explicit effect direction.
The grade is based mainly on the research area with the most evidence. It does not mean the same result was found in other areas.
Papers linked to this ingredient overall: 120
Papers linked to this topic 3 · distinct papers 3 · comparison findings need further review · papers needing additional review 2
A publication may appear in more than one count. These numbers should not be added. Ingredient-wide papers, topic-linked papers, and sources in outcome groups use different scopes. Adding source counts may count the same paper more than once.
- HDL-C: Sources represented in this measurement group: 1 · Distinct papers with human comparisons for this outcome: 0
- LDL cholesterol: Sources represented in this measurement group: 1 · Distinct papers with human comparisons for this outcome: 0
- total cholesterol levels: Sources represented in this measurement group: 1 · Distinct papers with human comparisons for this outcome: 0
- triglycerides: Sources represented in this measurement group: 1 · Distinct papers with human comparisons for this outcome: 0
What the research found
HDL-C
A change was reported, but the comparison could not be confirmed.
Meta-analysis · Single ingredient · Unspecified population
Analysis coverage and paper counts
1 paper · 1 measured outcome
Review overlap with primary papers is unknown; counts stay separate.
Direction counts are distinct papers within each row. Outcome contributions count endpoint results, so one paper may contribute more than once.
LDL-C
A change was reported, but the comparison could not be confirmed.
Meta-analysis · Single ingredient · Unspecified population
Analysis coverage and paper counts
1 paper · 1 measured outcome
Review overlap with primary papers is unknown; counts stay separate.
Direction counts are distinct papers within each row. Outcome contributions count endpoint results, so one paper may contribute more than once.
total cholesterol levels
A change was reported, but the comparison could not be confirmed.
Meta-analysis · Single ingredient · Unspecified population
Analysis coverage and paper counts
1 paper · 1 measured outcome
Review overlap with primary papers is unknown; counts stay separate.
Direction counts are distinct papers within each row. Outcome contributions count endpoint results, so one paper may contribute more than once.
triglycerides
A change was reported, but the comparison could not be confirmed.
Meta-analysis · Single ingredient · Unspecified population
Analysis coverage and paper counts
1 paper · 1 measured outcome
Review overlap with primary papers is unknown; counts stay separate.
Direction counts are distinct papers within each row. Outcome contributions count endpoint results, so one paper may contribute more than once.
Unspecified measured outcome
The study needs further checking before its result can be interpreted.
Other evidence · Ingredient combination · Unspecified population
Several ingredients were used together. This does not establish the effect of this ingredient alone or synergy.
The comparison could not be confirmed.
Analysis coverage and paper counts
1 paper · 1 measured outcome
1 papers held from direction counts
Direction counts are distinct papers within each row. Outcome contributions count endpoint results, so one paper may contribute more than once.
Unspecified measured outcome
The study needs further checking before its result can be interpreted.
Controlled study in people · Single ingredient · Patient group
Between-group comparison
Analysis coverage and paper counts
1 paper · 1 measured outcome
1 papers held from direction counts
Direction counts are distinct papers within each row. Outcome contributions count endpoint results, so one paper may contribute more than once.
How to read research findings
How should I read research findings?
Research guidesNo clear difference and an uninterpretable result are different
A reported null comparison contains a result. An abstract without an interpretable comparison leaves a question unresolved.
Paper counts and study counts are different
Count original research separately from research that reanalyzes it. Publication volume is neither replication nor a quality rating.
Side effects and combination findings
Findings from this ingredient alone are shown separately from those involving another supplement or medication.
No combination cautions are available to show in the current data. This does not guarantee safety.
Review 1 combination findings and 0 findings that outperformed an ingredient alone.
Reported improvements with combinations
Combination findings are grouped by how the study compared them. This is not a recommendation to combine ingredients.
Combinations with reported improvement
The combination showed improvement, but each ingredient's contribution is unclear.
마그네슘Combined melatonin and magnesium supplementation was more effective in improving serum levels of insulin compared to baseline.