Improvement after a supplement is not the same as a comparative result
Start with the comparison. A before-and-after change alone cannot isolate the contribution of an ingredient.
Vitamin E
Selected research topic
Blood lipids
Findings differ across measurements or study conditions. The results below keep them separate.
Animal and cell findings do not establish the same effect in people.
Some findings concern patients or people with a deficiency.
- Publications for this topic
- 5
- Human comparison publications
- 1
- Publications needing review
- 3
Findings in the studies
cholesterol efflux
- A better result than the comparison group was reported.
What the comparison group used was not confirmed.
Patient group · Single ingredientMeasurement and study conditions
- Study type
- Randomized controlled trial: subjects were randomly assigned to groups for comparison.
- Study population
- Human participants · Patient group
- Ingredients tested
- Single ingredient
- How results were compared
- Results were compared between groups.
- Measurement time
- Not confirmed.
Outcome needs clarification
About this measure
Original outcome name: LP
- Results were mixed for this outcome.Patient group · Single ingredient · 8 weeks with 4-week washout
Measurement and study conditions
- Study type
- Randomized controlled trial: subjects were randomly assigned to groups for comparison.
- Study population
- Human participants · Patient group
- Ingredients tested
- Single ingredient
- How results were compared
- Results were compared between groups. · Study comparison: alpha-tocopherol versus placebo; exploratory genotype strata, no significant interaction
- Additional measurement information
- Biomarker
- Measurement time
- 8 weeks with 4-week washout
LDL oxidability
Other human research, including observational studies and reviews
- A change was reported, but the comparison could not be confirmed.Patient group · Single ingredient
Measurement and study conditions
- Study type
- Clinical trial
- Study population
- Human participants · Patient group
- Ingredients tested
- Single ingredient
- Measurement time
- Not confirmed.
oxidized LDL
Animal and cell research · indirect evidence
- A change was reported in animal or cell research.Single ingredient · 7 weeks on each diet
Measurement and study conditions
- Study type
- Controlled trial
- Study population
- This is animal research. The specific characteristics of the subjects need further review.
- Ingredients tested
- Single ingredient
- How results were compared
- Comparison unclear · Study comparison: Higher-vitamin-E versus lower-vitamin-E atherogenic diet in baboons
- Additional measurement information
- Biomarker
- Measurement time
- 7 weeks on each diet
This result is held for interpretation. That does not mean research found no effect.
Outcome groups needing additional review (2)
- apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I) · Distinct papers needing additional review: 1Direction unclear: 1
- HDL sizes · Distinct papers needing additional review: 1Direction unclear: 1
One paper can appear under multiple measured outcomes or review reasons, so these counts should not be added together.
Representative outcome and study details
Human studies reported between-group improvement in cholesterol efflux.
Single-ingredient studies · Human studies · Includes patient groups · between-group comparison
1 publications linked to this result
- Route, form, dose, or population details are incomplete, so the findings cannot be confirmed as directly comparable.
Data coverage and detailed study classifications
Paper counts are separated by research topic below. One paper may contribute to multiple findings.
Analysis status: Public-ready
Ingredient analysis date:
How the grade was determined: C
The 31.7 evidence score includes 0 independent human studies and 0 clinical studies in the representative benefit area. The C tier remains conservative because of limited repetition across independent human clinical studies, too few clinical findings with an explicit effect direction.
The grade is based mainly on the research area with the most evidence. It does not mean the same result was found in other areas.
Papers linked to this ingredient overall: 131
Papers linked to this topic 5 · distinct papers 5 · papers with a confirmed human comparison 1 · papers needing additional review 3
A publication may appear in more than one count. These numbers should not be added. Ingredient-wide papers, topic-linked papers, and sources in outcome groups use different scopes. Adding source counts may count the same paper more than once.
- apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I): Sources represented in this measurement group: 1 · Distinct papers with human comparisons for this outcome: 0
- cholesterol efflux: Sources represented in this measurement group: 1 · Distinct papers with human comparisons for this outcome: 1
- HDL sizes: Sources represented in this measurement group: 1 · Distinct papers with human comparisons for this outcome: 0
- LDL oxidability: Sources represented in this measurement group: 1 · Distinct papers with human comparisons for this outcome: 0
- LP: Sources represented in this measurement group: 1 · Distinct papers with human comparisons for this outcome: 1
- oxidized LDL: Sources represented in this measurement group: 1 · Distinct papers with human comparisons for this outcome: 0
What the research found
LP
Results for this measurement were mixed; no consistent conclusion can be drawn.
Controlled study in people · Single ingredient · Patient group
Between-group comparison
Analysis coverage and paper counts
1 paper · 1 measured outcome
Direction counts are distinct papers within each row. Outcome contributions count endpoint results, so one paper may contribute more than once.
cholesterol efflux
The study reported improvement in this measurement.
Controlled study in people · Single ingredient · Patient group
Between-group comparison
Analysis coverage and paper counts
1 paper · 1 measured outcome
Direction counts are distinct papers within each row. Outcome contributions count endpoint results, so one paper may contribute more than once.
LDL oxidability
A change was reported, but the comparison could not be confirmed.
Other evidence · Single ingredient · Patient group
Analysis coverage and paper counts
1 paper · 1 measured outcome
Direction counts are distinct papers within each row. Outcome contributions count endpoint results, so one paper may contribute more than once.
oxidized LDL
A change was reported in animal or cell research.
Animal study · indirect · Single ingredient · General population
This finding comes from animal or cell research. It does not establish the same effect in people.
The comparison could not be confirmed.
Analysis coverage and paper counts
1 paper · 1 measured outcome
Direction counts are distinct papers within each row. Outcome contributions count endpoint results, so one paper may contribute more than once.
apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I)
The study needs further checking before its result can be interpreted.
Animal study · indirect · Single ingredient · General population
This finding comes from animal or cell research. It does not establish the same effect in people.
The comparison could not be confirmed.
Analysis coverage and paper counts
1 paper · 1 measured outcome
1 papers held from direction counts
Direction counts are distinct papers within each row. Outcome contributions count endpoint results, so one paper may contribute more than once.
HDL sizes
The study needs further checking before its result can be interpreted.
Animal study · indirect · Single ingredient · General population
This finding comes from animal or cell research. It does not establish the same effect in people.
The comparison could not be confirmed.
Analysis coverage and paper counts
1 paper · 1 measured outcome
1 papers held from direction counts
Direction counts are distinct papers within each row. Outcome contributions count endpoint results, so one paper may contribute more than once.
Unspecified measured outcome
The study needs further checking before its result can be interpreted.
Animal study · indirect · Single ingredient · Patient group
This finding comes from animal or cell research. It does not establish the same effect in people.
The comparison could not be confirmed.
Analysis coverage and paper counts
1 paper · 1 measured outcome
1 papers held from direction counts
Direction counts are distinct papers within each row. Outcome contributions count endpoint results, so one paper may contribute more than once.
Unspecified measured outcome
The study needs further checking before its result can be interpreted.
Controlled study in people · Single ingredient · Unspecified population
The comparison could not be confirmed.
Analysis coverage and paper counts
1 paper · 1 measured outcome
1 papers held from direction counts
Direction counts are distinct papers within each row. Outcome contributions count endpoint results, so one paper may contribute more than once.
How to read research findings
How should I read research findings?
Research guidesNo clear difference and an uninterpretable result are different
A reported null comparison contains a result. An abstract without an interpretable comparison leaves a question unresolved.
Paper counts and study counts are different
Count original research separately from research that reanalyzes it. Publication volume is neither replication nor a quality rating.
Side effects and combination findings
Findings from this ingredient alone are shown separately from those involving another supplement or medication.
No reviewed caution rules are available yet. Reported caution findings are shown below.
Review 2 combination findings and 0 findings that outperformed an ingredient alone.
Findings to review with care
Side effects reported for the ingredient alone are separated from findings involving another supplement or medication.
Cautions reported with another supplement or medication
These studies reported worsening outcomes, reduced absorption, or other cautions with combined use. They do not predict an individual's outcome.
와파린Vitamin E's anticoagulant effects amplify the risk of bleeding when combined with blood thinners like warfarin.
AspirinVitamin E's anticoagulant effects amplify the risk of bleeding when combined with blood thinners like aspirin.
Reported improvements with combinations
Combination findings are grouped by how the study compared them. This is not a recommendation to combine ingredients.
Combinations with reported improvement
The combination showed improvement, but each ingredient's contribution is unclear.
비타민 CIn a triple-blind RCT of 60 women with endometriosis, a combination of Vitamin C (1000 mg/day) and Vitamin E (800 IU/day) for 8 weeks significantly reduced pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, and dyspareunia compared to placebo.
인삼The combined supplement significantly improved the desire domain of the FSFI compared to placebo.