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Vitamin B12

Selected research topic

Migraine and pain

The comparison is unconfirmed, so the findings cannot establish this ingredient’s effect.

Some findings concern patients or people with a deficiency.

Publications for this topic
1
Human comparison publications
0
Publications needing review
0

Findings in the studies

  • pain score

    Other human research, including observational studies and reviews
    • A change was reported, but the comparison could not be confirmed.
      Patient group · Single ingredient
      Measurement and study conditions
      Study type
      Randomized controlled trial: subjects were randomly assigned to groups for comparison.
      Study population
      Human participants · Patient group
      Ingredients tested
      Single ingredient
      Measurement time
      Not confirmed.
Representative outcome and study details

Human studies reported a change with no confirmed comparison group in pain score.

Single-ingredient studies · Human studies · Includes patient groups · comparator not confirmed

1 publications linked to this result

  • Route, form, dose, or population details are incomplete, so the findings cannot be confirmed as directly comparable.
Data coverage and detailed study classifications

Paper counts are separated by research topic below. One paper may contribute to multiple findings.

Analysis status: Public-ready

Ingredient analysis date:

How the grade was determined: B

The 57.4 evidence score includes 1 independent human studies and 1 clinical studies in the representative benefit area. The B tier remains conservative because of the evidence centers on contextual or measured outcomes rather than general-use effects, limited repetition across independent human clinical studies.

The grade is based mainly on the research area with the most evidence. It does not mean the same result was found in other areas.

Papers linked to this ingredient overall: 96

Papers linked to this topic 1 · distinct papers 1 · comparison findings need further review · papers needing additional review 0

A publication may appear in more than one count. These numbers should not be added. Ingredient-wide papers, topic-linked papers, and sources in outcome groups use different scopes. Adding source counts may count the same paper more than once.

  • pain score: Sources represented in this measurement group: 1 · Distinct papers with human comparisons for this outcome: 0

What the research found

pain score

A change was reported, but the comparison could not be confirmed.

Controlled study in people · Single ingredient · Patient group

Analysis coverage and paper counts

1 paper · 1 measured outcome

Direction counts are distinct papers within each row. Outcome contributions count endpoint results, so one paper may contribute more than once.

How to read research findings

How should I read research findings?

Research guides

Side effects and combination findings

Findings from this ingredient alone are shown separately from those involving another supplement or medication.

No reviewed caution rules are available yet. Reported caution findings are shown below.

Findings to review with care

Side effects reported for the ingredient alone are separated from findings involving another supplement or medication.

Cautions reported with another supplement or medication

These studies reported worsening outcomes, reduced absorption, or other cautions with combined use. They do not predict an individual's outcome.

AntacidsAntacids may alter vitamin B12 absorption and utilization, increasing deficiency risk.
MetforminMetformin-treated T2DM patients are at higher risk of vitamin B12 deficiency and more severe neuropathy symptoms; supplementation may prevent or treat these conditions.
Proton pump inhibitorsPPI use may impact the absorption of vitamin B12, resulting in a slightly increased risk of deficiency.