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Copper

Selected research topic

Cardiovascular events

These studies examined an association between use and measured outcomes. They do not establish cause and effect.

Publications for this topic
1
Human comparison publications
0
Publications needing review
0

Findings in the studies

  • risk of myocardial infarction

    Other human research, including observational studies and reviews
    • An association was observed. This does not establish that the ingredient caused the change.
      General population · NHANES 2011–2018
      Measurement and study conditions
      Study type
      Observational study
      Study population
      Human participants · General population
      Ingredients tested
      Unknown intervention
      How results were compared
      Comparison unclear · Study comparison: observational dietary intake association; not supplementation or causal prevention
      Measurement time
      NHANES 2011–2018
Representative outcome and study details

Human studies reported an association with risk of myocardial infarction.

Scope not specified · Human studies · comparator not confirmed

1 publications linked to this result

  • Route, form, dose, or population details are incomplete, so the findings cannot be confirmed as directly comparable.
Data coverage and detailed study classifications

Paper counts are separated by research topic below. One paper may contribute to multiple findings.

Analysis status: Public-ready

Ingredient analysis date:

How the grade was determined: C

The 13.6 evidence score includes 0 independent human studies and 0 clinical studies in the representative benefit area. The C tier remains conservative because of the evidence centers on contextual or measured outcomes rather than general-use effects, limited repetition across independent human clinical studies.

The grade is based mainly on the research area with the most evidence. It does not mean the same result was found in other areas.

Papers linked to this ingredient overall: 51

Papers linked to this topic 1 · distinct papers 1 · comparison findings need further review · papers needing additional review 0

A publication may appear in more than one count. These numbers should not be added. Ingredient-wide papers, topic-linked papers, and sources in outcome groups use different scopes. Adding source counts may count the same paper more than once.

  • risk of myocardial infarction: Sources represented in this measurement group: 1 · Distinct papers with human comparisons for this outcome: 0

What the research found

risk of myocardial infarction

An association was observed. This does not establish that the ingredient caused the change.

Observational study · Unknown intervention · General population

The comparison could not be confirmed.

Analysis coverage and paper counts

1 paper · 1 measured outcome

Direction counts are distinct papers within each row. Outcome contributions count endpoint results, so one paper may contribute more than once.

How to read research findings

How should I read research findings?

Research guides

Side effects and combination findings

Findings from this ingredient alone are shown separately from those involving another supplement or medication.

No reviewed caution rules are available yet. Reported caution findings are shown below.

Findings to review with care

Side effects reported for the ingredient alone are separated from findings involving another supplement or medication.

Side effects reported with this ingredient alone

Symptoms or adverse events reported in studies without another active ingredient.

Copper toxicity1 papers
High oral copper exposure can cause acute gastrointestinal symptoms and, in rare cases, liver toxicity in susceptible individuals.Human studies · Systematic review