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Beetroot Extract

Selected research topic

Blood pressure and vascular health

Some measured outcomes improved in human comparison studies. Read these findings with their populations and conditions.

Findings from a combination study cannot be attributed to this ingredient alone.

Some findings concern patients or people with a deficiency.

Publications for this topic
19
Human comparison publications
3
Publications needing review
13

Findings in the studies

  • Diastolic BP

    • A better result than the comparison group was reported.
      General population · Single ingredient
      Measurement and study conditions
      Study type
      Randomized controlled trial: subjects were randomly assigned to groups for comparison.
      Study population
      Human participants · General population
      Ingredients tested
      Single ingredient
      How results were compared
      Results were compared between groups. · Study comparison: Acute nitrate-rich beetroot juice versus nitrate-depleted placebo comparison for diastolic BP.
      Additional measurement information
      Biomarker
      Measurement time
      Acute supplementation 2.5–3.5 hours after ingestion.

  • SBP

    • A better result than the comparison group was reported.

      Several ingredients were tested together, so this ingredient’s individual effect is unknown.

      Patient group · Combination study · 12 weeks
      Measurement and study conditions
      Study type
      Randomized controlled trial: subjects were randomly assigned to groups for comparison.
      Study population
      Human participants · Patient group
      Ingredients tested
      Ingredient combination
      How results were compared
      Results were compared between groups. · Study comparison: nitrate-rich beetroot juice (400 mg nitrate) versus otherwise identical nitrate-depleted beetroot ju
      Additional measurement information
      Primary outcome
      Measurement time
      12 weeks

  • systolic BP

    • A better result than the comparison group was reported.
      General population · 2.5 hours post-supplementation
      Measurement and study conditions
      Study type
      Randomized controlled trial: subjects were randomly assigned to groups for comparison.
      Study population
      Human participants · General population
      Ingredients tested
      Unknown intervention
      How results were compared
      Results were compared between groups. · Study comparison: Nitrate-rich beetroot juice versus nitrate-depleted juice on systolic BP
      Additional measurement information
      Primary outcome
      Measurement time
      2.5 hours post-supplementation

  • Blood pressure

    Other human research, including observational studies and reviews
    • A change was reported, but the comparison could not be confirmed.

      Several ingredients were tested together, so this ingredient’s individual effect is unknown.

      Combination study
      Measurement and study conditions
      Study type
      Randomized controlled trial: subjects were randomly assigned to groups for comparison.
      Study population
      Human participants · Participant characteristics were not confirmed.
      Ingredients tested
      Ingredient combination
      Measurement time
      Not confirmed.
    Research with unclear study subject or type
    • A change was reported, but the comparison could not be confirmed.
      Measurement and study conditions
      Study type
      Meta-analysis
      Study population
      Recorded population category: Patient group. Whether the research involved humans needs confirmation.
      Ingredients tested
      Unknown intervention
      How results were compared
      Study comparison: Pooled BP changes across included nitrate trials; abstract does not identify a single comparator
      Additional measurement information
      Biomarker
      Measurement time
      Single-dose to short-term; durations varied
Other measured outcomes (1)

  • nocturnal systolic BP variability

    Research with unclear study subject or type
    • Results for this measurement were mixed; no consistent conclusion can be drawn.
      Single ingredient
      Measurement and study conditions
      Study type
      Meta-analysis
      Study population
      Recorded population category: General population. Whether the research involved humans needs confirmation.
      Ingredients tested
      Single ingredient
      How results were compared
      Results were compared between groups. · Study comparison: Beetroot juice versus placebo across four trials, with age and nitrite subgroup analyses; overall an
      Additional measurement information
      Secondary outcome
      Measurement time
      24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring

This result is held for interpretation. That does not mean research found no effect.

Outcome groups needing additional review (4)
  • 24-h systolic BP · Distinct papers needing additional review: 1Evidence criteria check: 1
  • flow-mediated dilation · Distinct papers needing additional review: 1Evidence criteria check: 1
  • resting systolic blood pressure · Distinct papers needing additional review: 1Evidence criteria check: 1
  • Systolic blood pressure · Distinct papers needing additional review: 1Evidence criteria check: 1

One paper can appear under multiple measured outcomes or review reasons, so these counts should not be added together.

Representative outcome and study details

Partial research summary

Human studies reported a change with no confirmed comparison group in Blood pressure; while Studies with an unspecified organism reported a change with no confirmed comparison group in Blood pressure.

These conditions come from related studies and may not describe a single paper.

single- and combination-ingredient studies · Scope not specified · Individual ingredient effects cannot be separated · Human studies · Includes patient groups · Population not specified · between-group comparison · within-group comparison · comparator not confirmed

5 publications linked to this result (3 awaiting review included)

  • Study conditions differ; results are shown descriptively and are not pooled.
  • Combination, formula, or class studies do not isolate this ingredient or establish synergy.
  • Some publications have not cleared source or interpretation review.
  • Some papers could not be reviewed, so this summary covers only findings that could be confirmed.
Data coverage and detailed study classifications

Paper counts are separated by research topic below. One paper may contribute to multiple findings.

Analysis status: Public-ready

Ingredient analysis date:

How the grade was determined: B

The 66.2 evidence score includes 12 independent human studies and 10 clinical studies in the representative benefit area. The B tier reflects evidence directness, repetition, and consistency together.

The grade is based mainly on the research area with the most evidence. It does not mean the same result was found in other areas.

Papers linked to this ingredient overall: 80

Papers linked to this topic 19 · distinct papers 19 · papers with a confirmed human comparison 3 · papers needing additional review 13

A publication may appear in more than one count. These numbers should not be added. Ingredient-wide papers, topic-linked papers, and sources in outcome groups use different scopes. Adding source counts may count the same paper more than once.

  • 24-h systolic BP: Sources represented in this measurement group: 1 · Distinct papers with human comparisons for this outcome: 0
  • Blood pressure: Sources represented in this measurement group: 5 · Distinct papers with human comparisons for this outcome: 0
  • Diastolic BP: Sources represented in this measurement group: 2 · Distinct papers with human comparisons for this outcome: 1
  • flow-mediated dilation: Sources represented in this measurement group: 1 · Distinct papers with human comparisons for this outcome: 0
  • nocturnal systolic BP variability: Sources represented in this measurement group: 1 · Distinct papers with human comparisons for this outcome: 0
  • resting systolic blood pressure: Sources represented in this measurement group: 1 · Distinct papers with human comparisons for this outcome: 0
  • SBP: Sources represented in this measurement group: 4 · Distinct papers with human comparisons for this outcome: 1
  • Systolic blood pressure: Sources represented in this measurement group: 1 · Distinct papers with human comparisons for this outcome: 0
  • systolic BP: Sources represented in this measurement group: 1 · Distinct papers with human comparisons for this outcome: 1

What the research found

Diastolic BP

The study reported improvement in this measurement.

Controlled study in people · Single ingredient · General population

Between-group comparison

Analysis coverage and paper counts

1 paper · 1 measured outcome

Direction counts are distinct papers within each row. Outcome contributions count endpoint results, so one paper may contribute more than once.

SBP

The study reported improvement in this measurement.

Controlled study in people · Ingredient combination · Patient group

Several ingredients were used together. This does not establish the effect of this ingredient alone or synergy.

Between-group comparison

Analysis coverage and paper counts

1 paper · 1 measured outcome

Direction counts are distinct papers within each row. Outcome contributions count endpoint results, so one paper may contribute more than once.

systolic BP

The study reported improvement in this measurement.

Controlled study in people · Unknown intervention · General population

Between-group comparison

Analysis coverage and paper counts

1 paper · 1 measured outcome

Direction counts are distinct papers within each row. Outcome contributions count endpoint results, so one paper may contribute more than once.

nocturnal systolic BP variability

Results for this measurement were mixed; no consistent conclusion can be drawn.

Meta-analysis · Single ingredient · General population

Between-group comparison

Analysis coverage and paper counts

1 paper · 1 measured outcome

Review overlap with primary papers is unknown; counts stay separate.

Direction counts are distinct papers within each row. Outcome contributions count endpoint results, so one paper may contribute more than once.

Blood pressure

A change was reported, but the comparison could not be confirmed.

Controlled study in people · Ingredient combination · Unspecified population

Several ingredients were used together. This does not establish the effect of this ingredient alone or synergy.

Analysis coverage and paper counts

1 paper · 1 measured outcome

Direction counts are distinct papers within each row. Outcome contributions count endpoint results, so one paper may contribute more than once.

blood pressure

A change was reported, but the comparison could not be confirmed.

Meta-analysis · Unknown intervention · Patient group

Analysis coverage and paper counts

1 paper · 1 measured outcome

Review overlap with primary papers is unknown; counts stay separate.

Direction counts are distinct papers within each row. Outcome contributions count endpoint results, so one paper may contribute more than once.

24-h systolic BP

The study needs further checking before its result can be interpreted.

Controlled study in people · Unknown intervention · Patient group

Within-group comparison

Analysis coverage and paper counts

1 paper · 1 measured outcome

1 papers held from direction counts

Direction counts are distinct papers within each row. Outcome contributions count endpoint results, so one paper may contribute more than once.

blood pressure

The study needs further checking before its result can be interpreted.

Controlled study in people · Single ingredient · General population

Within-group comparison

Analysis coverage and paper counts

1 paper · 1 measured outcome

1 papers held from direction counts

Direction counts are distinct papers within each row. Outcome contributions count endpoint results, so one paper may contribute more than once.

blood pressure

The study needs further checking before its result can be interpreted.

Controlled study in people · Single ingredient · Patient group

Between-group comparison

Analysis coverage and paper counts

1 paper · 1 measured outcome

1 papers held from direction counts

Direction counts are distinct papers within each row. Outcome contributions count endpoint results, so one paper may contribute more than once.

blood pressure

The study needs further checking before its result can be interpreted.

Review · Single ingredient · Patient group

The comparison could not be confirmed.

Analysis coverage and paper counts

1 paper · 1 measured outcome

1 papers held from direction counts

Review overlap with primary papers is unknown; counts stay separate.

Direction counts are distinct papers within each row. Outcome contributions count endpoint results, so one paper may contribute more than once.

diastolic BP

The study needs further checking before its result can be interpreted.

Controlled study in people · Single ingredient · Patient group

Within-group comparison

Analysis coverage and paper counts

1 paper · 1 measured outcome

1 papers held from direction counts

Direction counts are distinct papers within each row. Outcome contributions count endpoint results, so one paper may contribute more than once.

flow-mediated dilation

The study needs further checking before its result can be interpreted.

Controlled study in people · Ingredient combination · General population

Several ingredients were used together. This does not establish the effect of this ingredient alone or synergy.

Between-group comparison

Analysis coverage and paper counts

1 paper · 1 measured outcome

1 papers held from direction counts

Direction counts are distinct papers within each row. Outcome contributions count endpoint results, so one paper may contribute more than once.

resting systolic blood pressure

The study needs further checking before its result can be interpreted.

Controlled study in people · Ingredient combination · General population

Several ingredients were used together. This does not establish the effect of this ingredient alone or synergy.

Between-group comparison

Analysis coverage and paper counts

1 paper · 1 measured outcome

1 papers held from direction counts

Direction counts are distinct papers within each row. Outcome contributions count endpoint results, so one paper may contribute more than once.

SBP

The study needs further checking before its result can be interpreted.

Animal study · indirect · Ingredient combination · Patient group

This finding comes from animal or cell research. It does not establish the same effect in people.

Several ingredients were used together. This does not establish the effect of this ingredient alone or synergy.

The comparison could not be confirmed.

Analysis coverage and paper counts

1 paper · 1 measured outcome

1 papers held from direction counts

Direction counts are distinct papers within each row. Outcome contributions count endpoint results, so one paper may contribute more than once.

SBP

The study needs further checking before its result can be interpreted.

Controlled study in people · Ingredient combination · General population

Several ingredients were used together. This does not establish the effect of this ingredient alone or synergy.

The comparison could not be confirmed.

Analysis coverage and paper counts

1 paper · 1 measured outcome

1 papers held from direction counts

Direction counts are distinct papers within each row. Outcome contributions count endpoint results, so one paper may contribute more than once.

SBP

The study needs further checking before its result can be interpreted.

Controlled study in people · Single ingredient · Patient group

Between-group comparison

Analysis coverage and paper counts

1 paper · 1 measured outcome

1 papers held from direction counts

Direction counts are distinct papers within each row. Outcome contributions count endpoint results, so one paper may contribute more than once.

Systolic blood pressure

The study needs further checking before its result can be interpreted.

Review · Ingredient combination · Unspecified population

Several ingredients were used together. This does not establish the effect of this ingredient alone or synergy.

The comparison could not be confirmed.

Analysis coverage and paper counts

1 paper · 1 measured outcome

1 papers held from direction counts

Review overlap with primary papers is unknown; counts stay separate.

Direction counts are distinct papers within each row. Outcome contributions count endpoint results, so one paper may contribute more than once.

Unspecified measured outcome

The study needs further checking before its result can be interpreted.

Controlled study in people · Ingredient combination · Patient group

Several ingredients were used together. This does not establish the effect of this ingredient alone or synergy.

The comparison could not be confirmed.

Analysis coverage and paper counts

1 paper · 1 measured outcome

1 papers held from direction counts

Direction counts are distinct papers within each row. Outcome contributions count endpoint results, so one paper may contribute more than once.

Unspecified measured outcome

The study needs further checking before its result can be interpreted.

Controlled study in people · Single ingredient · Patient group

Between-group comparison

Analysis coverage and paper counts

1 paper · 1 measured outcome

1 papers held from direction counts

Direction counts are distinct papers within each row. Outcome contributions count endpoint results, so one paper may contribute more than once.

How to read research findings

How should I read research findings?

Research guides

Side effects and combination findings

Findings from this ingredient alone are shown separately from those involving another supplement or medication.

No combination cautions are available to show in the current data. This does not guarantee safety.

Review 1 combination findings and 0 findings that outperformed an ingredient alone.

Reported improvements with combinations

Combination findings are grouped by how the study compared them. This is not a recommendation to combine ingredients.

Combinations with reported improvement

The combination showed improvement, but each ingredient's contribution is unclear.

CaffeineIn a randomized crossover trial of 20 healthy males, the combination of caffeine and beetroot juice significantly improved 1,000-m running performance compared to placebo (p < 0.01).