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arrow_backExplore/Vitamin B12
Tier-BPublic-ready6/11/2026

Vitamin B12

Glucose and metabolic health markers is closer to a research marker, so it should be read separately from a directly felt benefit.

Representative tier calculated from paper evidence that passed the collection audit.

Papers analyzed
20
Caution signal
Low
Representative score
66.0
Glucose and metabolic health markersNutrient status markersOther measured outcomes

Main benefit evidence

The representative ingredient tier is calculated from these target-level evidence groups.

Glucose and metabolic health
3 studiesTier-B
Glucose and metabolic health markers
Fairly consistent positive signal in studiesResearch marker focusPatient-group study
This card is closer to a measured biomarker or lab outcome than a directly felt user benefit.
Closer to a research marker than a directly felt benefit.
Open metrics
>
Glucose and metabolic markers
No direct rate reported. Read direction and evidence strength together.
Evidence score
52.0
Score reflects signal strength. Tier also considers paper count, repetition, and study context.
Nutrient status
4 studiesTier-C
Nutrient status markers
Fairly consistent positive signal in studiesResearch marker focusSupplement context
This card is closer to a measured biomarker or lab outcome than a directly felt user benefit.
Closer to a research marker than a directly felt benefit.
Open metrics
>
Nutrient status and deficiency markers
No direct rate reported. Read direction and evidence strength together.
Evidence score
49.1
Score reflects signal strength. Tier also considers paper count, repetition, and study context.
Other research signals
1 studiesTier-C
Other measured outcomes
Some positive signal observedFelt benefit focusSupplement context
Potential benefit studied in Other research signals.
Open metrics
>
Other measured outcomes
No direct rate reported. Read direction and evidence strength together.
Evidence score
44.0
Score reflects signal strength. Tier also considers paper count, repetition, and study context.
Stress and mood
1 studiesTier-C
Stress Response and Sleep Changes
Some positive signal observedFelt benefit focusPatient-group study
These findings come from stress response, cortisol, anxiety, or sleep outcomes. They may mix felt benefits with physiological markers.
Open metrics
>
Stress and mood balance
No direct rate reported. Read direction and evidence strength together.
Evidence score
20.9
Score reflects signal strength. Tier also considers paper count, repetition, and study context.

Recent research

Updated This Month10 new papers

10 new papers were added in this period. No new risk signal was identified.

What's new

10 new papers were added.No new risk signal was identified.

Most notable recent finding

This is the most meaningful new study in the latest update.
review
Why it mattersIt ranked highest among the newly collected papers for this ingredient in the latest update.
View paper

Key cautions to review

Standalone side-effect signals and combination cautions are listed separately.

Caution index
1.0
Caution band: Low
Caution signals
0
Side effects + combos + curated rules
Key precautions
No combination caution signal is clear enough to show right now. This does not guarantee safety.
Standalone side effects, combination cautions, and positive combos are separated below.

Side-effect and combination signals

No standalone side-effect or combination signal is currently clear enough to show from the collected papers. This does not mean there is no concern.

Evidence summaries

Paper IDs and full lists are private. Only study types and summaries are shown.

Key Evidence #1
Public scholarly dataCitation signal: 209
observational

It is found that the effect of probiotics in enhancing host resistance to pathogen infections depended on function of B_12 produced by an anaerobic indigenous gut microbe, Cetobacterium, which exhibited the ability to strengthen the interactions within gut mic

Key Evidence #2
Public scholarly dataCitation signal: 173
observational

These randomized trial data from a large cohort of women at high risk of CVD indicate that daily supplementation with folic acid/B6/B12 may reduce the risk of age-related macular degeneration.

Key Evidence #3
Public scholarly dataCitation signal: 113
observational

The treatment of patients with DN with 1 mg of oral methylcobalamin for twelve months increased plasma B12 levels and improved all neurophysiological parameters, sudomotor function, pain score, and QoL, but it did not improve CARTS and MNSIE.

3 more summariesLimited representative sample by study type.
>
Public scholarly dataCitation signal: 101
observational

Folic acid and vitamin B12 supplementation showed a positive therapeutic effect in AD patients who were not on a folic acid-fortified diet, helping to delineate nutrient intervention as far as public health management for the prevention of dementia is concerne

Public scholarly dataCitation signal: 99
observational

The B-PROOF study is the first intervention study in which the effect of vitamin B12 and folic acid supplementation on osteoporotic fractures is studied in a general elderly population.

Public scholarly dataCitation signal: 92
review

Since the effective quantity of vitamin B12 depends on the stability of the different forms, this work provides a review of their main reactivity and stability under exposure to various environmental factors and explores how the manufacturing process and stora

Vitamin B12
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