Cholesterol and triglycerides is the main area connected here, and any felt benefit should be read together with the human evidence base.
Some human supplement-context evidence is present and directly informs the score.
Representative tier calculated from paper evidence that passed the collection audit.
The representative ingredient tier is calculated from these target-level evidence groups.
Potential benefit studied in Blood lipids. These findings come from a defined study population, so everyday effects may differ.
This score reflects the strength of this benefit group. The ingredient tier also considers paper count, repetition, population, and study context.
Research has examined possible effects in the Glucose and metabolic health area. This does not predict an individual result.
This score reflects the strength of this benefit group. The ingredient tier also considers paper count, repetition, population, and study context.
This card is closer to a measured biomarker or lab outcome than a directly felt user benefit. These findings come from a defined study population, so everyday effects may differ.
This score reflects the strength of this benefit group. The ingredient tier also considers paper count, repetition, population, and study context.
This range includes studies in specific patient groups. It is not a general dose or recommendation.
Findings from studies of this ingredient alone are separated from findings involving another supplement or medication.
No standalone side-effect or combination signal is currently clear enough to show from the collected papers. This does not mean there is no concern.
Paper IDs and full lists are private. Only study types and summaries are shown.
[Abstract]: Plant sterols are naturally occurring molecules that humanity has evolved with. Herein, we have critically evaluated recent literature pertaining to the myriad of factors affecting efficacy and safety of plant sterols in free and esterified forms.
Functional foods with plant sterols/stanols may be considered in individuals with high cholesterol levels at intermediate or low global cardiovascular risk who do not qualify for pharmacotherapy and as an adjunct to pharmacologic therapy in high and very high
The LDL-cholesterol-lowering effect of both plant sterols and stanols continues to increase up to intakes of approximately 3 g/d to an average effect of 12 %, with clear and comparable dose–response relationships observed.
Plant sterol containing products reduced LDL concentrations but the reduction was related to individuals’ baseline LDL levels, food carrier, and frequency and time of intake, and the observed differences between trial results were unlikely to have been caused
These findings indicate that the decreased intestinal absorption of cholesterol and carotenoids by plant sterols and stanols is caused by two distinct mechanisms, which could be explained by the effects of the 4-desmethyl family and 4,4-dimethylsterols on mice
Although phytosterols decrease LDL-cholesterol levels, there is no evidence that they reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases; on the contrary, some studies suggest an increased risk of atherosclerosis with increasing serum levels of phytesterols.