ginkgolic acid toxicity1 papers
The review identifies ginkgolic acids in Ginkgo biloba leaf extract as the primary source of adverse effects including embryotoxicity, cytotoxicity, and neurotoxicity based on in vitro trials.Cell studies · Systematic reviewToxicity of endotoxins and ginkgolic acids1 papers
The review identifies endotoxins and ginkgolic acids as dominating toxic ingredients in different parts of Ginkgo biloba.Human studies · Systematic reviewAdverse effect signal1 papers
The review mentions that Ginkgolic acids can induce significant hepatic damage by promoting cellular apoptosis, oxidative stress, and disruption of metabolic processes.Human studies · Study type not identifiedAdverse effect signal1 papers
A limited number of studies are cited indicating that Ginkgolic acids may exhibit nephrotoxicity.Human studies · Study type not identifiedAdverse effect signal1 papers
The review notes that Ginkgolic acids may cause adverse effects on the skin and nervous system.Human studies · Study type not identifiedSide Effect Rating Scale1 papers
A very low rate of mild adverse effects was observed in children with ADHD treated with Ginkgo biloba extract, indicating a favorable safety profile in this small pilot study.Human studies · Observational study